ArticleParkinsonism & related disorders2022
'Anxious fluctuators' a subgroup of Parkinson's disease with high anxiety and problematic on-off fluctuations.
Article in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of different modalities of transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating Parkinson's disease with depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression symptoms in people of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Tavapadon as Adjunctive Treatment for Parkinson Disease: The TEMPO-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA neurology · 2026Trial
- Do we need drugs for psychiatric symptoms specifically for Parkinson's disease?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Apathy in Parkinson's Disease: Distinguishing Overlapping Symptoms Via Network Analysis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- A Holistic Wellness Prescription for Parkinson's Disease: Evidence-Based Perspectives and Unmet Needs.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Motor and non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: the knowns and unknowns of current therapeutic approaches.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Holistic Care Clinic for People with Parkinson's Disease: Outcome from a Newly Developed Service.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Far from being the end of the road: taking a closer look at neuropalliative care in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Investigating Dopamine Replacement-Associated Fluctuations in Cognition and Mood in Cognitively Unimpaired Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Parkinson's disease is characterized by vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory kynurenine pathway dysfunction.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Does exercise demonstrate a dose-dependent benefit with cognition in Parkinson's disease?Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Non-Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease: Underdiagnosed Yet Important.Journal of movement disorders · 2025Article
- Anticipating Tomorrow: Tailoring Parkinson's Symptomatic Therapy Using Predictors of Outcome.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Predictors of short-term anxiety outcome in subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Impact of Acute Dopamine Replacement on Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- An examination of anxiety and its influence on health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease using the geriatric anxiety scale: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Anxiety Change After Dopamine Therapy in Parkinson Disease is Independent of Motor Improvement.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Examining the link between impulse control disorder and antidepressant use in Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety that occurs in association with on-off dopamine medication fluctuations is a major cause of distress, dysfunction, and lower quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the association between anxiety and on-off fluctuations is poorly understood and it is difficult to predict which patients will suffer from this atypical form of anxiety. To understand whether fluctuating anxiety in PD exists as part of an endophenotype that is associated with other signs or symptoms, we prospectively assessed the change in anxiety and a battery of clinical variables when transitioning from the off-dopamine medication state to the on state in 200 people with PD. We performed latent profile analysis with observed variables as latent profile indicators measuring the on-off-state difference in anxiety, depression, motor function, daily functioning, and the wearing off questionnaire 19 item scale (WOQ-19) in order to model unobserved (i.e., latent) profiles. A two-class model produced the best fit. The majority of participants, 69%, were categorized as having a 'typical on-off response' compared to a second profile constituting 31% of the sample who experienced a worsening in anxiety in the off state that was three times that of other participants. This profile referred to as "anxious fluctuators" had a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale change between the off and on medication state of 10.22(32.85) compared to 3.27 (7.62), higher depression scores, greater disability and was less likely to improve on select WOQ-19 items when in the on-state. Anxious fluctuators were more likely to be male and have a family history of anxiety disorder. Given the adverse impact of this profile we believe it may be important to distinguish patients with a typical on-off response from those with this more problematic course of fluctuations.
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