ReviewMolecular immunology2022
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) and the role of complement system in disease pathogenesis.
Review in Molecular immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nonclinical investigation of the potential of MHAA4549A, an anti-influenza A therapeutic antibody, to mediate antibody-dependent enhancement.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Flavivirus Infections: From Fc Receptor Signaling to Vaccine and Therapeutic Design.Viruses · 2026Review
- The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Dengue Virus Infection: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Powassan Virus Infections at Different Times After Immunization with the TBE Vaccine in In Vivo Experiments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Modular Design of a Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Scaffolded Sub-Virion Nanoparticle Vaccine Against West Nile Virus.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Functional Antibody-Dependent Enhancement as an Immune Assessment Platform: Development, Standardization, and Translational Interpretation in Flavivirus Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nanobody targeting glycan cap confers broad orthoebolavirus neutralization.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Multi-antigen DNA vaccine targeting non-structural proteins confers robust T Cell-mediated protection against Zika virus.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Cytokine storm.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- The Emerging Threat of Monkeypox: An Updated Overview.Viruses · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of placental transmission mechanisms for Dengue and Zika viruses: outcomes and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Possess Autoimmune Properties.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of ORFV uptake into host cells.Virulence · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of variants and vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- RSV Vaccines: Targeting Prefusion F and G Proteins from Structural Design to Clinical Application.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Heterologous immunity and antibody-dependent enhancement in respiratory virus infections.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The Yin and Yang of Antibodies in Viral Infectious Diseases.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sustained humoral immunity in the patients recovered from severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- The Impacts of Dengue Virus Infection on Mitochondrial Functions and Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Enterovirus A71 priorities, challenges, and future opportunities in humoral immunity and vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been associated with severe disease outcomes in several viral infections, including respiratory infections. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that antibody-response to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV could exacerbate infection via ADE. Recently in SARS CoV-2, the in vitro studies and structural analysis shows a risk of disease severity via ADE. This phenomenon is partially attributed to non-neutralizing antibodies or antibodies at sub-neutralizing levels. These antibodies result in antigen-antibody complexes' deposition and propagation of a chronic inflammatory process that destroys affected tissues. Further, antigen-antibody complexes may enhance the internalization of the virus into cells through the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and lead to further virus replication. Thus, ADE occur via two mechanisms; 1. Antibody mediated replication and 2. Enhanced immune activation. Antibody-mediated effector functions are mainly driven by complement activation, and the first complement in the cascade is complement 1q (C1q) which binds to the virus-antibody complex. Reports say that deficiency in circulating plasma levels of C1q, an independent predictor of mortality in high-risk patients, including diabetes, is associated with severe viral infections. Complement mediated ADE is reported in several viral infections such as dengue, West Nile virus, measles, RSV, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Ebola virus. This review discusses ADE in viral infections and the in vitro evidence of ADE in coronaviruses. We outline the mechanisms of ADE, emphasizing the role of complements, especially C1q in the outcome of the enhanced disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.