Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36371308›Full record

ArticleResearch in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP2023

Complementary and alternative medicine use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Mohamad Ali Hijazi, Hibeh Shatila, Salma Abu Qiyas, Maha Aboul-Ela, Abdalla El-Lakany, Farah Naja

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mistletoe in Cancer Cell Biology: Recent Advances.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohamad Ali HijaziDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Hibeh ShatilaHuman Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Salma Abu QiyasDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Maha Aboul-ElaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Abdalla El-LakanyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Farah NajaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIHMS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences American, University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: fnaja@sharjah.ac.ae.
Beirut Arab University · LBUniversity of Sharjah · AEQatar University · QA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe challenges in COVID-19 treatment have driven patients to seek Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for the prevention and/or treatment of the disease. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to promote the effective and safe use of CAM.

objectiveAssess the beliefs, practices, and knowledge of community pharmacists in Lebanon about existing evidence for the use of CAM for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.

methodsA national cross-sectional survey was conducted among community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon (n = 310 respondents). Participants completed an online questionnaire addressing, in addition to the socio-demographic characteristics; the beliefs, practices, and knowledge of pharmacists regarding the existing evidence of CAM use for COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment.

resultsPharmacists (70%) received frequent inquiries about CAM for COVID-19 prevention or treatment. Only 25.5% of the pharmacists reported having enough time to get information about CAM and COVID-19. Almost all participants believed that pharmacists have a major role in the fight against COVID-19 (98%) and that they have enough information to counsel patients in that regard (75%). For practices, the majority of pharmacists reported counseling their patients on proper use (98%) and possible adverse reactions (93%) of CAM, but only 51% reported toxic or undesirable effects. Regarding knowledge, although most pharmacists answered correctly the questions on the role of CAM in preventing COVID-19, few knew about its role in treating the infection. Pharmacists who trust the WHO website as a credible source had a higher knowledge score (β = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.05-0.986).

conclusionsThe positive beliefs and practices of pharmacists towards CAM during the pandemic were coupled with a few gaps, especially in their knowledge about existing evidence for CAM use. Concerted efforts ought to be dedicated to supporting pharmacists in playing a more prominent role during health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

Complementary TherapiesCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansPandemicsPharmacistsSurveys and QuestionnairesComplementary alternative medicineCOVID-19LebanonPharmacist

Identifiers

PMID36371308
PMCPMC9617642
OpenAlexW4307953603

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.