SynthesisSports medicine - open2022
Heavy Resistance Training Versus Plyometric Training for Improving Running Economy and Running Time Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Acute and Chronic Effects of Stretching on Running Economy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Strength Training Methods on Middle-Distance and Long-Distance Runners' Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Strength Training Programs in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners' Economy at Different Running Speeds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- The effects of plyometric versus resistance training on running economy and 5-km running time in middle-aged recreational runners.European journal of sport science · 2024Trial
- Classifying Endurance Runners by Kinematics Strengthens Relationships of Muscle-Tendon Unit Function with Running Economy and Performance.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Toward a record-eligible sub-2-hour marathon: an updated integrative framework of Physiological, technological, and cognitive determinants.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Review
- Associations Between Isokinetic Torque and External Load Metrics During Youth Soccer Matches.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimizing Resistance Training for Sprint and Endurance Athletes: Balancing Positive and Negative Adaptations.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Enhancing clarity and methodological rigor in umbrella reviews.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Comment on: "Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Performance: An Umbrella Review".Sports medicine - open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs an adjunct to running training, heavy resistance and plyometric training have recently drawn attention as potential training modalities that improve running economy and running time trial performance. However, the comparative effectiveness is unknown. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine if there are different effects of heavy resistance training versus plyometric training as an adjunct to running training on running economy and running time trial performance in long-distance runners.
methodsElectronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Twenty-two studies completely satisfied the selection criteria. Data on running economy and running time trial performance were extracted for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed with selected potential moderators.
resultsThe pooled effect size for running economy in heavy resistance training was greater (g = - 0.32 [95% confidence intervals [CIs] - 0.55 to - 0.10]: effect size = small) than that in plyometric training (g = -0.13 [95% CIs - 0.47 to 0.21]: trivial). The effect on running time trial performance was also larger in heavy resistance training (g = - 0.24 [95% CIs - 1.04 to - 0.55]: small) than that in plyometric training (g = - 0.17 [95% CIs - 0.27 to - 0.06]: trivial). Heavy resistance training with nearly maximal loads (≥ 90% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM], g = - 0.31 [95% CIs - 0.61 to - 0.02]: small) provided greater effects than those with lower loads (< 90% 1RM, g = - 0.17 [95% CIs - 1.05 to 0.70]: trivial). Greater effects were evident when training was performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance (10-14 weeks, g = - 0.45 [95% CIs - 0.83 to - 0.08]: small vs. 6-8 weeks, g = - 0.21 [95% CIs - 0.56 to 0.15]: small) and plyometric training (8-10 weeks, g = 0.26 [95% CIs - 0.67 to 0.15]: small vs. 4-6 weeks, g = - 0.06 [95% CIs 0.67 to 0.55]: trivial).
conclusionsHeavy resistance training, especially with nearly maximal loads, may be superior to plyometric training in improving running economy and running time trial performance. In addition, running economy appears to be improved better when training is performed for a longer period in both heavy resistance and plyometric training.
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Registered trials
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