ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2023
Anti-rituximab antibodies demonstrate neutralizing capacity, associate with lower circulating drug levels and earlier relapse in lupus.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in patients with NMOSD previously treated with rituximab: A post hoc analysis of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Trial
- The why, what, who and when of B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus: biological rationale, patient stratification and evolving therapeutic modalities.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- The impact of anti-rituximab antibodies on rituximab efficacy in children with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Potential Mechanisms of Partial/Transient Response or Resistance to Daratumumab Therapy: A Focus on Anti-Daratumumab Antibodies and Urinary Daratumumab Loss.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CD22 as a Target for Hematological Malignancies and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Obinutuzumab as a therapeutic option for SDNS children resistant to rituximab with anti-RTX antibodies.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Long-term B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing, refractory and severe lupus nephritis: a retrospective case series.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Contemporary review of primary membranous nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Incidence and implications of anti-rituximab antibodies in nephropathies and other immune-mediated diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The immunogenicity database collaborative: a standardized, publicly available database for clinical immunogenicity observations and insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Targeting CD20 for B-cell Depletion in Autoimmune Kidney Disease: Next Generation.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Fifty years of monoclonals: the past, present and future of antibody therapeutics.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Article
- From reactive to proactive: Continuous protein monitoring for preventive health care.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Anti-Rituximab Antibodies Occurrence and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Primary Membranous Nephropathy.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Rituximab in pathologically confirmed sarcoidosis affecting the central nervous system: a multi-center retrospective study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Monitoring anti-Rituximab antibodies in myasthenia gravis affects the time to event during Rituximab treatment.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Belimumab concentrations and immunogenicity in relation to drug effectiveness and safety in SLE within a Swedish real-world setting.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- B-Cell Depletion in Glomerular and Autoimmune Diseases: Too Much of a Good Thing?Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Obinutuzumab and Ofatumumab are More Effective Than Rituximab in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy Patients With Anti-Rituximab Antibodies.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHigh rates of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to rituximab have been demonstrated in patients undergoing treatment for SLE. However, little is known with regard to their long-term dynamics, impact on drug kinetics and subsequent implications for treatment response. In this study, we aimed to evaluate ADA persistence over time, impact on circulating drug levels, assess clinical outcomes and whether they are capable of neutralizing rituximab.
methodsPatients with SLE undergoing treatment with rituximab were recruited to this study (n = 35). Serum samples were collected across a follow-up period of 36 months following treatment (n = 114). Clinical and laboratory data were collected pre-treatment and throughout follow-up. ADA were detected via electrochemiluminescent immunoassays. A complement dependent cytotoxicity assay was used to determine neutralizing capacity of ADA in a sub-cohort of positive samples (n = 38).
resultsADA persisted over the 36-month study period in 64.3% of patients undergoing treatment and titres peaked earlier and remained higher in those who had previously been treated with rituximab when compared with than those who were previously treatment naive. ADA-positive samples had a significantly lower median drug level until six months post rituximab infusion (P = 0.0018). Patients with persistent ADA positivity showed a significant early improvement in disease activity followed by increased rates of relapse. In vitro analysis confirmed the neutralizing capacity of ADA to rituximab.
conclusionsADA to rituximab were common and persisted over the 36-month period of this study. They associated with earlier drug elimination, an increased rate of relapse and demonstrated neutralizing capacity in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.