SynthesisSurgical endoscopy2023
Effect of visual distraction on pain in adults undergoing colonoscopy: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Surgical endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety during colonoscopy: A randomized control trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Trial
- Article
- Impact of virtual reality distraction during colonoscopy vs intravenous deep sedation: Results of a single-center randomized controlled trial.Endoscopy international open · 2025Article
- The effect of music and distraction on pain and anxiety during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPain is a contributing factor to the low compliance rate for performing a colonoscopy on screening for colorectal cancer. PURPOSE: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of visual distraction on adults undergoing colonoscopy.
methodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Database from their inception to February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing visual distraction with non-visual distraction were considered for inclusion. The fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to pool the data from individual studies and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to determine the methodology quality.
resultsThis meta-analysis included four studies (N = 301) for pain level and total procedure time, three studies (N = 181) for satisfaction score, three studies (N = 196) for anxiety level, and four studie (N = 402) for willingness to repeat the procedure. The pooled analysis shown that significantly lower pain levels (SMD, - 0.25; 95% CI - 0.47 to - 0.02; P = 0.03), higher satisfaction score with the procedure (SMD, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.93; P < 0.0001), and higher willingness to repeat the procedure (OR, 2.66; 95% CI 1.70 to 4.17; P < 0.0001) in the visual distraction group than those in the non-visual distraction group, with no significant differences in total procedure time (SMD,- 0.07; 95% CI - 0.30 to 0.15; P = 0.53) or anxiety level (SMD,- 0.27; 95% CI - 0.55 to 0.01; P = 0.06).
conclusionsVisual distraction improved the patient's pain, satisfaction, and willingness to repeat the procedure. Thus, visual stimulation is an effective way to reduce pain during colonoscopy and should be recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.