ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2022
Effect of povidone-iodine and propanol-based mecetronium ethyl sulphate on antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical antimicrobial treatment of mesh for the reduction of surgical site infections after hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of Incremental Antiseptic Selection on Antibiotic Cross-Resistance and Enhanced Biofilm Formation inInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- The Iodine-Dextrin-Lithium Complex: Morphology, Antibacterial Activity, and Cytotoxicity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- In vitro efficacy of aqueous PVP-iodine solution below 5% as alternative to preoperative antisepsis in ophthalmology as the basis for an in vivo study.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- The effect and mechanism of iodophors on the adhesion and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms attached to artificial joint materials.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReports are available on cross-resistance between antibiotics and biocides. We evaluated the effect of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and propanol-based mecetronium ethyl sulphate (PBM) on resistance development, antibiotics cross-resistance, and virulence in Staphylococcus aureus.
methodsThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PVP-I and PBM were determined against S. aureus ATCC 25923 using the agar-dilution method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was subjected to subinhibitory concentrations of the tested biocides in ten consecutive passages followed by five passages in a biocide-free medium; MIC was determined after each passage and after the fifth passage in the biocide-free medium. The developed resistant mutant was tested for cross-resistance to different antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles as well as biocides' MIC were determined for 97 clinical S. aureus isolates. Isolates were categorized into susceptible and resistant to the tested biocides based on MIC distribution pattern. The virulence of the biocide-resistant mutant and the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of biocides on virulence (biofilm formation, hemolysin activity, and expression of virulence-related genes) were tested.
resultsPVP-I and PBM MIC were 5000 μg/mL and 664 μg/mL. No resistance developed to PVP-I but a 128-fold increase in PBM MIC was recorded, by repeated exposure. The developed PBM-resistant mutant acquired resistance to penicillin, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin. No clinical isolates were PVP-I-resistant while 48.5% were PBM-resistant. PBM-resistant isolates were more significantly detected among multidrug-resistant isolates. PVP-I subinhibitory concentrations (¼ and ½ of MIC) completely inhibited biofilm formation and significantly reduced hemolysin activity (7% and 0.28%, respectively). However, subinhibitory concentrations of PBM caused moderate reduction in biofilm activity and non-significant reduction in hemolysin activity. The ½ MIC of PVP-I significantly reduced the expression of hla, ebps, eno, fib, icaA, and icaD genes. The virulence of the biocide-resistant mutant was similar to that of parent strain.
conclusionPVP-I is a highly recommended antiseptic for use in healthcare settings to control the evolution of high-risk clones. Exposure to PVP-I causes no resistance-development risk in S. aureus, with virulence inhibition by subinhibitory concentrations. Also, special protocols need to be followed during PBM use in hospitals to avoid the selection of resistant strains.
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