ArticleBMC oral health2022
The effect of combined maxillary pad movable appliance and FR-III functional appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion of deciduous teeth.
Article in BMC oral health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Three-dimensional measurement of the coronoid process and structural consistency analysis in patients with long-face morphology.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Class III Malocclusion in Growing Patients: Facemask vs. Functional Appliance: Experimental Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion.International journal of oral science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of maxillary pad movable appliance combined with FR-III functional appliance in treating skeletal Class III malocclusion of deciduous teeth and provide a reference for optimizing clinical treatment methods.
methodsA total of 30 pediatric patients were randomly selected between April 2012 and April 2019. They were in stage IIA osseous skeletal Class III malocclusion, treated with maxillary pad movable appliance to relieve the reverse, combined with FR-III functional appliance to maintain a median relationship to stage IIIA. A self-control study of children before and after treatment was used, and paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes in the measurement indexes of the IIA and IIIA stage X-rays and changes in the bone and soft tissue profiles.
resultsAfter 3 years of treatment, SNA, ANB, and NA-PA in the sagittal osteofacial index of the jawbones increased, SNB decreased, and the Y-axis angle in the vertical index of the jawbones increased. U1-SN, U1-NA, U1-NA distance, L1-MP, L1-NB, and L1-NB distance in the index of labial inclination of upper and lower central incisors increased, while U1-L1 decreased. The sagittal anomalies of the jawbones were improved, and there were significant differences before and after treatment (P < 0.05). FCA, ULP, and UL-EP increased, soft-tissue facial prominence and facial height increased, and the relationship between the upper lip and the aesthetic plane was harmonious. None of the 30 children with skeletal Class III malocclusion in the deciduous stage experienced recurrence in stage IIIA.
conclusionsCombined treatment with the maxillary pad movable appliance and the FR-III functional appliance is suitable for children with skeletal Class III malocclusion in the deciduous stage.
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Registered trials
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