ArticleScience advances2022
Pancreatic tumor microenvironmental acidosis and hypoxia transform gold nanorods into cell-penetrant particles for potent radiosensitization.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor radiosensitization with gold nanoparticles: evolving strategies to improve tumoral gold uptake and catalyze future clinical translation.ACS nano medicine · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Gold Nanoparticles: Impacts on Immune Cells and Mechanisms of Action.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Synthetic reprogramming of tumor cell fate for modulating radiotherapy-induced dynamic responses: perspectives on radiosensitizing and immunoregulatory effects.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Enhanced Cytotoxicity against a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line Combining Radiation and Gold Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Liposome-Hydrogel Composites for Controlled Drug Delivery Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Peptide-Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coating nanoparticles with stealth epilayers increases circulation time by evading opsonization, macrophage phagocytosis, and reticuloendothelial sequestration. However, this also reduces internalization by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor. We designed gold nanorods (GNRs) with an epilayer that retains stealth properties in circulation but transforms spontaneously in the acidotic tumor microenvironment to a cell-penetrating particle. We used a customized stoichiometric ratio of l-glutamic acid and l-lysine within an amphiphilic polymer of poly(l-glutamic acid-co-l-lysine), or P(Glu-co-Lys), to effect this transformation in acidotic environments. P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs were internalized by cancer cells to facilitate potent in vitro radiosensitization. When administered intravenously in mice, they accumulate in the periphery and core of tumors without any signs of serum biochemical or hematological alterations, normal organ histopathological abnormalities, or overt deterioration in animal health. Furthermore, P(Glu-co-Lys)-GNRs penetrated the tumor microenvironment to accumulate in the hypoxic cores of tumors to potently radiosensitize heterotopic and orthotopic pancreatic cancers in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.