ArticleThe oncologist2023
Tumor Growth Rate Informs Treatment Efficacy in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Application of a Growth and Regression Model to Pivotal Trial and Real-World Data.
Article in The oncologist, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 2 study of azacitidine plus pembrolizumab as second-line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- An FDA analysis of the association of tumor growth rate, overall survival, and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.The oncologist · 2026Article
- CA19-9 as a Dynamic Biomarker for Continuous Monitoring of Therapeutic Efficacy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Cancer interception during treatment: using growth kinetics to create a continuous variable for assessing disease response.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Abiraterone vs Enzalutamide Among US Veterans With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Correlation between tumor growth rate and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Assessing olaparib efficacy in U.S. Veterans with metastatic prostate cancer utilizing a time-indifferent g-rate method ideal for real-world analyses.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Assessing immunotherapy response: going beyond RECIST by integrating early tumor growth kinetics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMethods for screening agents earlier in development and strategies for conducting smaller randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed.
methodsWe retrospectively applied a tumor growth model to estimate the rates of growth of pancreatic cancer using radiographic tumor measurements or serum CA 19-9 values from 3033 patients with stages III-IV PDAC who were enrolled in 8 clinical trials or were included in 2 large real-world data sets.
resultsg correlated inversely with OS and was consistently lower in the experimental arms than in the control arms of RCTs. At the individual patient level, g was significantly faster for lesions metastatic to the liver relative to those localized to the pancreas. Regardless of regimen, g increased toward the end of therapy, often by over 3-fold.
conclusionsGrowth rates of PDAC can be determined using radiographic tumor measurement and CA 19-9 values. g is inversely associated with OS and can differentiate therapies within the same trial and across trials. g can also be used to characterize changes in the behavior of an individual's PDAC, such as differences in the growth rate of lesions based on metastatic site, and the emergence of chemoresistance. We provide examples of how g can be used to benchmark phase II and III clinical data to a virtual reference arm to inform go/no go decisions and consider novel trial designs to optimize and accelerate drug development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.