Observational studyPediatrics2022
Late-Onset Sepsis Among Very Preterm Infants.
Observational study in Pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vermont Oxford Network Very Low Birth Weight Database of Infants <=1500 Grams or <=29 Weeks Gestational Age at Birth
Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding (LET-FEED) Trial
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Association between early postnatal antibiotic exposure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Molecular assays for the diagnosis of sepsis in neonates: a diagnostic test accuracy review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The burden of neonatal sepsis and its risk factors in Africa. a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Machine learning techniques for predicting neurodevelopmental impairments in premature infants: a systematic review.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotics for preventing neonatal sepsis in preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis for clinical practice.Epidemiology and health · 2025Pooled it
- Early risk stratification of late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants by intestinal microbiota profiling: a multicenter case-control validation study.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Infection or contamination - Clinical attribution of blood culture-positive episodes in neonatal intensive care: an 11-year retrospective single-center study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Targeted proteomics in late-onset neonatal sepsis: an exploratory analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Early-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal antibiotic exposure in Hungary a nationwide population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sepsis and Antibiotics in Extremely Preterm Infants: Early Empirical Treatment Was Common, While Late-Onset Sepsis Accounted for Most Cases and Antibiotic Use.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Time to rethink prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Ecology of protection: probiotic biogeography and sepsis prevention in the neonatal intestine.mBio · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis.Clinics in perinatology · 2026Review
- Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neonatal Sepsis: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, microbiological profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of culture-proven neonatal sepsis in a tertiary NICU.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Determinants of time to full enteral nutrition and its association with short-term outcomes in very and extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter study in China.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Preterm Infant and Caregiver Outcomes After Maternal Appendectomy During Pregnancy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal fecal amino acid profiles in extremely preterm infants: early-life determinants and associations with late-onset sepsis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the epidemiology, microbiology, and associated outcomes of late-onset sepsis among very preterm infants using a large and nationally representative cohort of NICUs across the United States.
methodsProspective observational study of very preterm infants born 401 to 1500 g and/or 22 to 29 weeks' gestational age (GA) from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, who survived >3 days in 774 participating Vermont Oxford Network centers. Late-onset sepsis was defined as isolation of a pathogenic bacteria from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid, or fungi from blood, obtained >3 days after birth. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were compared between infants with and without late-onset sepsis.
resultsOf 118 650 infants, 10 501 (8.9%) had late-onset sepsis for an incidence rate of 88.5 per 1000 (99% confidence interval [CI] [86.4-90.7]). Incidence was highest for infants born ≤23 weeks GA (322.0 per 1000, 99% CI [306.3-338.1]). The most common pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (29.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23.0%), but 34 different pathogens were identified. Infected infants had lower survival (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 0.89, 95% CI [0.87-0.90]) and increased risks of home oxygen (aRR 1.32, 95% CI [1.26-1.38]), tracheostomy (aRR 2.88, 95% CI [2.47-3.37]), and gastrostomy (aRR 2.09, 95% CI [1.93-2.57]) among survivors.
conclusionsA substantial proportion of very preterm infants continue to suffer late-onset sepsis, particularly those born at the lowest GAs. Infected infants had higher mortality, and survivors had increased risks of technology-dependent chronic morbidities. The persistent burden and diverse microbiology of late-onset sepsis among very preterm infants underscore the need for innovative and potentially organism-specific prevention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.