ArticleViruses2022
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Prevalence in Sheep, Wild Boar and Ticks in Belgium.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence of West Nile Virus Infections in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in the Netherlands, 2018-2021.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- A Household Cluster of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Belgium in 2025: Is the Epidemiology Evolving?Viruses · 2026Article
- Investigation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in raw ruminant milk in Turkiye using real-time PCR.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Multiplex serological screening of wild boar as sentinels of emerging zoonoses: HEV, WNV, and TBEV distribution in Saxony, Germany.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
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- First detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Belgium, May 2024.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Tracking WNV transmission with a combined dog and wild boar surveillance system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification and genetic analysis of new ephemeroviruses in wild boars in China.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence study for selected zoonotic vector-borne pathogens in sheep from endemic areas of Croatia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans in Belgium, 2021, versus 2017.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Exposure of cattle to tick-borne encephalitis virus in the historical endemic zone in north-eastern France.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important tick-borne zoonotic virus in Europe. In Belgium, antibodies to TBEV have already been detected in wildlife and domestic animals, but up-to-date prevalence data for TBEV are lacking, and no studies have assessed its seroprevalence in sheep. Serum samples of 480 sheep from all over Belgium and 831 wild boar hunted in Flanders (northern Belgium) were therefore screened for TBEV antibodies by ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), respectively. The specificity of positive samples was assessed by PRNTs for TBEV and the Louping Ill, West Nile, and Usutu viruses. TBEV seroprevalence was 0.42% (2/480, CI 95%: 0.11-1.51) in sheep and 9.27% (77/831, CI 95%: 7.48-11.43) in wild boar. TBEV seroprevalence in wild boar from the province of Flemish Brabant was significantly higher (22.38%, 15/67) compared to Limburg (7.74%, 34/439) and Antwerp (8.61%, 28/325). Oud-Heverlee was the hunting area harboring the highest TBEV seroprevalence (33.33%, 11/33). In an attempt to obtain a Belgian TBEV isolate, 1983 ticks collected in areas showing the highest TBEV seroprevalence in wild boars were tested by real-time qPCR. No TBEV-RNA-positive tick was detected. The results of this study suggest an increase in TBEV prevalence over the last decade and highlight the need for One-Health surveillance in Belgium.
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