ArticleViruses2022
Pre-Existing HSV-1 Immunity Enhances Anticancer Efficacy of a Novel Immune-Stimulating Oncolytic Virus.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- ELISPOT as a Functional for Biomarker Study in Cancer Immunotherapy: Applications and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Repurposing licensed viral vaccines as anti-cancer therapeutics: Turning cold tumors hot.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Beyond cold to hot: oncolytic virotherapy as the next cornerstone of immuno-oncology.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Clinical Progress in Virotherapy: Application and Future Prospects in Head and Neck Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IDH1-R132H enhances oncolytic HSV-1 therapy by facilitating viral entry and immune activation in glioma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cancer viroimmunotherapy platforms based on varicella-zoster virus and cytomegalovirus.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Review
- Current regulatory requirements for assessment of immunogenicity for gene therapy medicinal products.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Viruses in the Glioma Tumor Microenvironment: Immunosuppressors or Primers for Anti-Tumor Immunity?Cancers · 2025Review
- Single-cell profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients treated with oncolytic adenovirus TILT-123 reveals baseline immune status as a predictor of therapy outcomes.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Understanding the interplay between oHSV and the host immune system: Implications for therapeutic oncolytic virus development.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Oncolytic virotherapy stimulates anti‑tumor immune response and demonstrates activity in advanced sarcoma: Report of two cases.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Chimeric oncolytic adenovirus to break away from neutralizing antibodies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Recent advances of engineered oncolytic viruses-based combination therapy for liver cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- HSV: The scout and assault for digestive system tumors.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment: challenges and optimization prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus inhibits glioblastoma growth and elicits potent antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Patient-derived xenografts or organoids in the discovery of traditional and self-assembled drug for tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can specifically replicate in the host and cause cancer cell lysis while inducing an antitumor immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of either pre-existing immunity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) or multicycle treatment with OVs on anticancer efficacy of VG161, an HSV-1 OV in phase 2 clinical trial. VG161 efficacy was tested in CT26 mouse models by comparing the efficacy and immune response in naïve mice or in mice that were immunized with VG161. Moreover, VG161 efficacy in HLA-matched CD34+ humanized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models was also tested in multicycle treatment and was compared to standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer (gemcitabine). The HSV-1-immunized mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in VG161-treated mice compared to control naïve treated mice. RNA expression profiling and ELISPOT analyses indicated changes in the tumor's immune profile in the immunized and treated group compared to naïve and treated mice, as well as enhanced T cell function depicted by higher numbers of tumor specific lymphocytes, which was enhanced by immunization. In the ICC PDX model, repeated treatment of VG161 with 2 or 3 cycles seemed to increase the anticancer efficacy of VG161. In conclusion, the anticancer efficacy of VG161 can be enhanced by pre-immunization with HSV-1 and multicycle administration when the virus is given intratumorally, indicating that pre-existing antiviral immunity might enhance OV-induced antitumor immunity. Our results suggest potential clinical benefits of HSV-1-based OV therapy in HSV-1-seropositive patients and multicycle administration of VG161 for long-term maintenance treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.