ArticleVaccines2022
Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cepharanthine inhibits tick‑borne encephalitis virus infection through modulation of the stress and inflammation response.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Parameters, and Molecular Epidemiology of Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections in a Hotspot Region of Eastern Croatia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- An Overview of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Epidemiology in Endemic Regions of Continental Croatia, 2017-2023.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Defining the "Correlate(s) of Protection" to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination and infection - key points and outstanding questions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Role of Chitinase 3-Like-1 (YKL-40) and Proinflammatory Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Polish Cohort.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Activation of Early Proinflammatory Responses by TBEV NS1 Varies between the Strains of Various Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cross-Reactive Antibodies in Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant arboviruses affecting the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe. Data on cytokine response in TBEV infection are limited.
methodsWe analyzed the cytokine response in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples of patients with TBE. The control group consisted of patients with 'febrile headache' who had normal CSF cytology. The panel included 12 cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th9 (IL-9), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F), Th22 (IL-22) cytokines and IL-10.
resultsTBE patients were more likely to have increased levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in CSF compared to controls (85.7% vs. 58.8% and 85.7% vs. 47.1%, respectively). However, concentrations of IL-6 (the most abundant cytokine in the CSF of both groups), IL-10 and IL-9 were lower in TBEV patients compared with controls, but the difference was statistically significant for IL-9 only (
conclusionsCytokine composition in different clinical samples of TBE patients reveals a different network of early innate immune response cytokines, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th22, Th17 and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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