ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Dependence of Skin-Electrode Contact Impedance on Material and Skin Hydration.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Design of Electrodes and Interfaces for Non-Contact and Capacitive Biomedical Measurements: Terminology, Electrical Model, and System Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- A patient-specific, 3D printed neurostimulator enabling focal transcranial electrical stimulation and EEG at home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- A Wearable Device to Measure Bioimpedance and Electrodermal Activity.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research on Multi-Dimensional Bionic Design of Flexible ECG Electrodes for Wearable Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Self-powered electronics-free Wearable Disposable Electrotherapy (WDE) platform for accelerated wound healing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Analysis of electrohysterogram signals for predicting obstetric outcome using machine learning methods: a scoping review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Metrology in Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA): From Measurement Science to Clinical and Research Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ion-Driven Interfacial Engineering of MXene-Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Advanced Wearable Electrocardiography and AI-Driven Blood Pressure Monitoring.Small science · 2026Article
- A Non-Stationary Model for Analysis of Impedance Spectra of Biological Samples.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A filamentary soft robotic probe for multimodal in utero monitoring of fetal health.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Decision-centered wearable biosensors for personalized rehabilitation: integrating multimodal monitoring, artificial intelligence, and closed-loop intervention.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- [Study on the electric field transmission characteristics of conducted-electrode tumor treating fields].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025Article
- A Stretchable and Transparent Electrode for Visual Electrophysiological Acquisition.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Continuous biosignal acquisition beyond the limit of epidermal turnover.Materials horizons · 2025Review
- Confounding Factors and Their Mitigation in Measurements of Bioelectrical Impedance at the Skin Interface.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Novel Wearable Device for Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring Utilizing Strain Gauge Technology.Biosensors · 2025Article
- A performance evaluation of silver nanorods PDMS flexible dry electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fabric-based lamina emergent MXene-based electrode for electrophysiological monitoring.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dry electrodes offer an accessible continuous acquisition of biopotential signals as part of current in-home monitoring systems but often face challenges of high-contact impedance that results in poor signal quality. The performance of dry electrodes could be affected by electrode material and skin hydration. Herein, we investigate these dependencies using a circuit skin-electrode interface model, varying material and hydration in controlled benchtop experiments on a biomimetic skin phantom simulating dry and hydrated skin. Results of the model demonstrate the contribution of the individual components in the circuit to total impedance and assist in understanding the role of electrode material in the mechanistic principle of dry electrodes. Validation was performed by conducting in vivo skin-electrode contact impedance measurements across ten normative human subjects. Further, the impact of the electrode on biopotential signal quality was evaluated by demonstrating an ability to capture clinically relevant electrocardiogram signals by using dry electrodes integrated into a toilet seat cardiovascular monitoring system. Titanium electrodes resulted in better signal quality than stainless steel electrodes. Results suggest that relative permittivity of native oxide of electrode material come into contact with the skin contributes to the interface impedance, and can lead to enhancement in the capacitive coupling of biopotential signals, especially in dry skin individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.