ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Augments the Coupling of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis for Accelerating Mandibular Defect Repair.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in GelMA hydrogel transplantation for musculoskeletal disorders and related disease treatment.Theranostics · 2023Pooled it
- Functional extracellular vesicles enable injectable hydrogels with stable osteogenic properties for minimally invasive bone defect repair.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomaterials-based approaches to mandibular tissue engineering: where we were, where we are, where we are going.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Review
- Magnesium Nanocomposite Hydrogel Reverses the Pathologies to Enhance Mandible Regeneration.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- From "immune silence" to "immune dialogue": modification strategies for bone substitutes based on bone immunomodulatory characteristics.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- SIRT1 activation promotes bone repair by enhancing the coupling of type H vessel formation and osteogenesis.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Use of Plant Extracts in Polymeric Scaffolds in the Regeneration of Mandibular Injuries.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Effect of injectable calcium alginate-amelogenin hydrogel on macrophage polarization and promotion of jawbone osteogenesis.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Assessment of rhBMP-2-loaded bovine hydroxyapatite granules in the guided bone regeneration of critical bone defect in rat mandible bone.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Recent advancement in vascularized tissue-engineered bone based on materials design and modification.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Concentration-Dependent Efficacy of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Using a HA/β-TCP Hydrogel Carrier in a Mini-Pig Vertebral Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Biomimetic osteochondral regeneration of the TMJ condyle: integrating BMP-2 osteoinduction, MSC-mediated fibrochondrogenesis, and gradient 3D-printed scaffolds.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Reconstruction of a mandibular defect is challenging, with high expectations for both functional and esthetic results. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an essential growth factor in osteogenesis, but the efficacy of the BMP-2-based strategy on the bone regeneration of mandibular defects has not been well-investigated. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of BMP-2 that drives the bone formation in mandibular defects remain to be clarified. Here, we utilized BMP-2-loaded hydrogel to augment bone formation in a critical-size mandibular defect model in rats. We found that implantation of BMP-2-loaded hydrogel significantly promoted intramembranous ossification within the defect. The region with new bone triggered by BMP-2 harbored abundant CD31+ endomucin+ type H vessels and associated osterix (Osx)+ osteoprogenitor cells. Intriguingly, the new bone comprised large numbers of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) (CD51+ CD200+) and their multi-potent descendants (CD51+ CD105+), which were mainly distributed adjacent to the invaded blood vessels, after implantation of the BMP-2-loaded hydrogel. Meanwhile, BMP-2 further elevated the fraction of CD51+ CD105+ SSC descendants. Overall, the evidence indicates that BMP-2 may recapitulate a close interaction between functional vessels and SSCs. We conclude that BMP-2 augmented coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a novel and indispensable way to improve bone regeneration in mandibular defects, and warrants clinical investigation and application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.