ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The p-Phthalates Terephthalic Acid and Dimethyl Terephthalate Used in the Manufacture of PET Induce In Vitro Adipocytes Dysfunction by Altering Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis Mechanisms.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quercetin Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced Premature Senescence in SH-SY5Y Neuronal-like Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Elucidating biodegradation of dimethyl terephthalate by twoMetabolic engineering communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Cellular Senescence in an In Vitro Model of 3T3-L1 Murine Adipocytes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PET microplastics alter the transcriptome profile and oxidative stress markers in the liver of immature piglets: an in vivo study.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- D-Allulose Reduces Hypertrophy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Palmitic Acid in Murine 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases in Human Gut Microbiota and Their Implications for Human Health.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Regulation of mitotic clonal expansion and thermogenic pathway are involved in the antiadipogenic effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Public health concerns associated with the potential leaching of substances from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging have been raised due to the role of phthalates as endocrine-disrupting chemicals or obesogens. In particular, changes in the environment such as pH, temperature, and irradiation can improve contaminant migration from PET food packaging. In this study, the in vitro effects of p-phthalates terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) on murine adipocytes (3T3-L1) were evaluated using concentrations that might be obtained in adult humans exposed to contaminated sources. TPA and, in particular, DMT exposure during 3T3-L1 differentiation increased the cellular lipid content and induced adipogenic markers PPAR-γ, C/EBPß, FABP4, and FASN, starting from low nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, the adipogenic action of TPA- and DMT-induced PPAR-γ was reverted by ICI 182,780, a specific antagonist of the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, TPA and DMT affected adipocytes' thermogenic program, reducing pAMPK and PGC-1α levels, and induced the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway. Given the observed effects of biologically relevant chronic concentrations of these p-phthalates and taking into account humans' close and constant contact with plastics, it seems appropriate that ascertaining safe levels of TPA and DMT exposure is considered a high priority.
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Registered trials
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