ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Complications in Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Systematic Review of Clinically Used Cages.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison between Three-Dimensional Printed Titanium and PEEK Cages for Cervical and Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Prospective Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Trial
- Ex vivo mechanical evaluation of anatomically and mechanically conforming patient-specific lumbar spinal fusion cages designed by full-scale topology optimization.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Enhanced crystallinity, hardness and thermal stability of PEEK/TC4 composites for biomedical applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Revision surgical treatments and classification system for cage retropulsion in degenerative lumbar disease.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Preoperative malnutrition is associated with increased postoperative complications following lumbar fusion: a propensity-matched analysis.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Osteointegration and Fusion After TLIF: Trabecular Titanium Cage with SVF-Hydrogel Compared with PEEK Cage.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for cage migration after posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective study of 517 patients.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Long-term Performance and Durability of Biomaterials and Implant Designs in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Spinal Fusion.Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine · 2026Article
- Porous tantalum cage loaded with CGF promotes interbody fusion in a rat XLIF model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An overview of magnesium-based implants in orthopaedics and a prospect of its application in spine fusion.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Dislodgment Effects of Different Cage Arrangements in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of Implant Size and Position on Subsidence Degree after Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Radiological and Clinical Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Cervical Sagittal Balance: Impact on Clinical Outcomes and Subsidence in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic transcorporeal decompression of the spinal cord via one vertebra with two bony channels for adjacent two-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a technical note.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Emerging Technologies within Spine Surgery.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- What Types of Strategies Are Effective in Lumbar Spine Surgery? Considering the Etiology, Imaging Findings, and Risk of Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Comparative outcomes of polyetheretherketone cage versus autograft harvested fromJournal of craniovertebral junction & spineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal fusion (SF) comprises surgical procedures for several pathologies that affect different spinal levels, and different cages are employed in SF surgery. Few clinical studies highlight the role of cages in complications beyond the outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to collect the last 10 years' worth of clinical studies that include cages in SF surgery, focusing on complications. Three databases are employed, and 21 clinical studies are included. The most-performed SF procedure was anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), followed by lumbar SF. The polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage was the most-used, and it was usually associated with autograft or calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (βTCP)). For lumbar SF procedures, the highest percentages of subsidence and pseudoarthrosis were observed with PEEK filled with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and βTCP. For ACDF procedures, PEEK filled with autograft showed the highest percentages of subsidence and pseudoarthrosis. Most studies highlighted the role of surgical techniques in patient complications. There are many interacting events that contextually affect the rate of clinical success or failure. Therefore, in future clinical studies, attention should focus on cages to improve knowledge of chemical, biological and topographical characteristics to improve bone growth and to counteract complications such as cage loosening or breaking and infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.