ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Palm Oil Derived Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Attenuates Vascular Dementia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Essential micronutrients and biguanides (metformin) synergistic and antagonistic interactions on neurocognitive outcomes in type two diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammasome Suppression via Combined Training Modulates Downstream Cytokines (Interleukin-1β/Caspase-1) and Improves Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Correlation between oxidative stress and inflammation with metabolomics profile in skeletal muscle of ageing animal model and its modulation by tocotrienol-rich fraction.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Scoping Review: The Role of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction as a Potent Neuroprotective Agent.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Serum vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases risk: a J-shaped association in a large cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) protects against retinal cell apoptosis and preserves visual behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Effects of Vitamin E on the Gut Microbiome in Ageing and Its Relationship with Age-Related Diseases: A Review of the Current Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates the Aluminium Chloride-Induced Neurovascular Dysfunction-Associated Vascular Dementia in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In Silico and In Vitro Methods in the Characterization of Beta-Carotene as Pharmaceutical Material via Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitory Actions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Reversal of Neuralgia Effect of Beta Carotene in Streptozotocin-Associated Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Female Zebrafish via Matrix Metalloprotease-13 Inhibition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring the anti-inflammatory activities, mechanism of action and prospective drug delivery systems of tocotrienol to target neurodegenerative diseases.F1000Research · 2023Review
- Tocotrienol in the Treatment of Topical Wounds: Recent Updates.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a serious global health issue and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at higher risk. Palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) exhibits neuroprotective properties; however, its effect on VaD is not reported. Hence, we evaluated TRF effectiveness in T2DM-induced VaD rats. Rats were given a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA) to develop T2DM. Seven days later, diabetic rats were given TRF doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg orally for 21 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed for memory assessment. Biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, plasma homocysteine (HCY) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, and histopathological changes in brain hippocampus and immunohistochemistry for platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) expression were evaluated. VaD rats had significantly reduced memory, higher plasma HCY, increased AChE activity, and decreased GSH and SOD levels. However, treatment with TRF significantly attenuated the biochemical parameters and prevented memory loss. Moreover, histopathological changes were attenuated and there was increased PDGF-C expression in the hippocampus of VaD rats treated with TRF, indicating neuroprotective action. In conclusion, this research paves the way for future studies and benefits in understanding the potential effects of TRF in VaD rats.
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Registered trials
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