ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Spatial and Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Intratumoral CD163-/PD-L1+ TAMs as a Marker of Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast cancer inequities: the intersectional role of social epidemiology and tumor biology.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and Spatial Characterization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Non-Metastatic Seminoma: Association with Local Tumor Progression.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- The prognostic value of the tumor-stroma ratio compared to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Distribution characteristics of immune infiltration and lymphovascular invasion in patients with breast cancer skin recurrence.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Article
- Tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer progression: implications and clinical relevance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- HUNK as a key regulator of tumor-associated macrophages in triple negative breast cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Involvement of protumor macrophages in breast cancer progression and characterization of macrophage phenotypes.Cancer science · 2023Review
- Advances in Molecular and Translational Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and abnormalities in cancer cells affect cancer progression and response to therapy. TAMs are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer, with their invasion affecting clinical outcomes. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a target of immune checkpoint inhibitors, acts as a suppressive signal for the surrounding immune system; however, its expression and effect on TAMs and the clinical outcome in breast cancer are unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput multiple immunohistochemistry to spatially and quantitatively analyze TAMs. We subjected 81 breast cancer specimens to immunostaining for CD68, CD163, PD-1, PD-L1, CD20, and pan-CK. In both stromal and intratumoral areas, the triple-negative subtype had significantly more CD68/CD163, CD68/PD-L1, and CD163/PD-L1 double-positive cells than the estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) subtype. Interestingly, a higher number of CD68+/PD-L1+/CK-/CD163- TAMs in the intratumoral area was correlated with a favorable recurrence rate (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.