ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
The Validity and Reliability of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 on Screening for Major Depression in Spanish Speaking Immigrants in Chile: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06662526 (Trace Lithium Dosage for Prevention of Cognitive Declining in Patients with Mood Illnesses), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trace Lithium Dosage for Prevention of Cognitive Declining in Patients with Mood Illnesses: a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Available Normative Data on Neuropsychological Tests for Spanish Speakers in the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean, and Spain.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Validated Tools for Assessing Anxiety and Depression in Nurses: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Validity of the Spanish-Language Patient Health Questionnaires 2 and 9: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Caregiver Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience, and Mental Health in a Predominantly Hispanic Pediatric Clinic Setting.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2026Article
- Agreement among brief patient health questionnaire (PHQ) versions for measuring symptoms of depression in the Brazilian national health survey (PNS).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Learning the hard way: What COVID-19 teaches us about the social determinants of mental health among the urban poor.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Key factors and serial mediation analysis of anxiety and depression among university students: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychometric properties of the positivity scale in a Latin American sample: positivity as a unidimensional personality variable.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Psychometric Assessment of Screening Measures for Depression, Anxiety, Somatization, and Life Satisfaction in Honduran University Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a Recommendation Engine to University Student Mental Health Support Aligned With Stepped Care: Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Factors Influencing Resilience in a Sample of Victims of Armed Conflict in Colombia: A Quantitative Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Charting the course of depression care: a meta-analysis of reliability generalization of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ- 9) as the measure.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Arabic Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2): Psychometric Evaluation Among Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disabilities.Nursing research and practice · 2025Article
- Reliability and convergent validity of the PHQ-2 for the rapid detection of depressive symptoms in healthcare professionals in Argentina.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association Between Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic or Latino Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Discrimination is associated with depression, anxiety, and loneliness symptoms among Asian and Pacific Islander adults during COVID-19 Pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 among the Chilean population.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between albumin and depression: a population-based study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9 and PHQ-2) on screening for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among Spanish-speaking Latin American adult immigrants in Santiago, and to explore factors associated with a higher risk of occurrence of MDD among them.
methodsA representative sample of 897 Spanish-speaking immigrants completed the PHQ-9. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was employed to evaluate MDD. Internal consistency and structural validity were evaluated using Cronbach's α coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity with the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was assessed using Spearman's correlations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for different cut-off points. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the risk of MDD.
resultsCronbach's α coefficient of the PHQ-9 was 0.90; item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.61 to 0.76 and correlation with the GAD-7 was moderate (
conclusionsThe PHQ-2 and the PHQ-9 are reliable and valid instruments for use as screeners for MDD among Spanish-speaking populations of Latin America.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.