ReviewCancers2022
The Predictive and Prognostic Role of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK Pathway Alterations in Breast Cancer: Revision of the Literature and Comparison with the Analysis of Cancer Genomic Datasets.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling pathway mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment and emerging targeting strategies for improved prognosis.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- ASH2L induces tamoxifen resistance via H3K4me3 dependent ITGA6/ERK signaling in ER-positive breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer in Relation to Dairy Product Consumption: A Review of Current Findings and Potential Mechanisms.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- FAK signaling pathways are modulated by HSPB8 and BAG3 in breast cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Single amino-acid differences define H2B variants and modify chromatin accessibility to induce EMT in breast cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Characterization of rutin bindingto HRAS and MAPK3 and its clinical prognostic relevancein lung cancer: Using in silico and clinical prognostic experimental design.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- AI-Guided Discovery of Oncogenic Signaling Crosstalk in Tumor Progression and Drug Resistance.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Keratin as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer Progression: An Evidence-Synthesizing Narrative Review.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- AR/ERK co-targeting triggers ferroptosis via FOXC2 in triple-negative breast cancer.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Whole-genome landscapes of 1,364 breast cancers.Nature · 2026Article
- Role of insulin-like growth factor/receptor signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology forum · 2026Review
- Emerging Approaches in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Emerging Breast Cancer Subpopulations: Functional Heterogeneity Beyond the Classical Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Decoding breast cancer: insights into molecular pathways & therapeutic approaches.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive advances in HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer: unveiling molecular mechanisms and exploring cutting-edge targeted therapies for enhanced patient outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Circular RNAs orchestrating breast cancer hallmarks: bridging tumor biology and therapy resistance.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- mRNA Isoforms and Variants in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Phytoconstituents as emerging therapeutics for breast cancer: Mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although gene alterations of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are uncommon in breast cancer, this pathway is frequently activated in breast tumors, implying its role in tumor progression. We describe, after a revision of the literature, the frequency and types of gene alterations affecting this pathway in breast cancer by analyzing some public datasets from cBioPortal. Moreover, we consider their prognostic and predictive impact on treatment response, along with the role of transcriptomic predictors of RAS pathway activation. Our analysis shows that the driver alterations in RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway-related genes are detected in 11% of primary breast cancers. The most frequently mutated genes are NF1 and KRAS, while copy number alterations mainly affect KRAS and BRAF, especially in basal-like tumors. The subgroup of patients carrying these alterations shows a worse prognosis; alterations in NF1 and RAF1 are associated with significantly reduced breast-cancer-specific survival in multivariate analysis. The literature review shows that the pathway is implicated, either by genetic or epigenetic alterations or by signaling network adaptations, in the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to a wide range of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer. A thorough understanding of these alterations is critical for developing combination therapies that can delay or overcome drug resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.