ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Antibiotics Self Medication among Children: A Systematic Review.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication with antibiotics among pediatric population in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Should my child be given antibiotics? A systematic review of parental decision making in rural and remote locations.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Development and evaluation of a culturally tailored animated educational video to improve antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Jordanian adolescents: a quasi-experimental study.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents toward antibiotic use in children attending public hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Predictors of Resistance in PediatricPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Parental practices and perspectives on unused pediatric medications at home: A community-based cross-sectional study in Burdur-Türkiye.PloS one · 2026Article
- Classification status of drugs generally used for self-medication in children: a targeted review of regulatory documents.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Over-the-counter use of Antibiotics among Patients visiting Outpatient Department of a Primary Health Centre: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2026Observational
- Social determinants of self-medication practice by caregivers among pediatrics population in Pakistan: a logistic regression analysis of a prospective cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- The Antibiotic Use Questionnaire-Parent Version: a measure of the drivers of parental decisions about the use of antibiotics with their children.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Understanding antibiotic misuse in Kazakhstan: insights from the WHO behavioral survey on COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Self-medication practices and the content of home pharmacies in the households of pharmacy and medical students in Zagreb, Croatia, in 2022 with a reference to the findings from 2001 and 1977.Croatian medical journal · 2025Article
- Invisible Engines of Resistance: How Global Inequities Drive Antimicrobial Failure.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mapping socioeconomic factors driving antimicrobial resistance in humans: An umbrella review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Prevalence of inappropriate use behaviors of antibiotics and related factors among parents in eastern China: an online cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Parental perception of antibiotic use in children at home: a cross-sectional study.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2025Article
- A qualitative exploration of parental perspectives and behaviors on self-medication for children under five in Abbottabad, Pakistan.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pattern of antibiotic use among children caregivers: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- Primary Caregiver Knowledge about Self-Medication of Antibiotics in Children Aged 0-12 Years.Chonnam medical journal · 2024Article
- Self-medication among general population in the European Union: prevalence and associated factors.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The phenomenon of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly growing global problem. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as self-prescription are among the most important causes contributing to the growth of antibiotic resistance in humans. This systematic review describes the phenomenon of antibiotics self-medication (ASM) in children. The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until July 2022. Published English language studies containing information regarding parents knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in self-administration of antibiotics in children were included. A total of 702 articles were identified, and 57 were selected. A higher prevalence of ASM among children was found in the Middle-East (34%), Africa (22%), Asia (20%) and South America (17%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Europe (8%). High distance from hospital, and low income, such as having more than one child, are related with an increased risk of ASM in children. Fever and cough can also promote the misuse of antibiotics by parents. A greater attention to the regulation of the sale of antimicrobial drugs can certainly limit the risk of self-medicating behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.