ArticleBMC public health2022
The relationship between myopia and near work, time outdoors and socioeconomic status in children and adolescents.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Chinese Acupoint Eye Exercise on Ocular Biological Parameters.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Trial
- Near-work activity duration and myopia in children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- A quasi-experimental design study on myopia preventive intervention based on the MMHEM health promotion model.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Robust and interpretable unit level causal inference in neural networks for pediatric myopia.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional survey of myopia prevalence and its influencing factors among school children and adolescents under the double reduction policy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associated factors of myopia in a Portuguese sample of adolescents: Parental history and school-related lifestyle.PloS one · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for myopia in children: Evidence from a large-scale cross-sectional study in Shandong, China.PloS one · 2026Article
- Childhood myopia in the modern environment: modifiable risk factors and evidence-based prevention.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Association between local household income and paediatric visual outcomes: a retrospective cross-sectional study of a mobile school-based eye clinic in Orange County, California.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Visual Neural Dynamics of Adolescents with Myopia During Face Inversion: An ERP and Oscillatory Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Association between body roundness index and myopia among US adolescents: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2001-2006.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Critical factors to predict efficacy of orthokeratology in inhibiting axial elongation in myopic children.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Area-level factors influencing geographical distribution of myopia prevalence among school-aged children and adolescents in Northwest China.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Article
- A generalized additive model analysis of school classroom environment and students' refractive state progression.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Visual Acuity Changes in Schoolchildren: A One-Year Follow-Up.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence, sociodemographic risk factors, and coverage of myopia correction among adolescent students in the central region of Portugal.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Influence of high altitude on choroid thickness, retinal thickness, and myopia: A cross-sectional study comparing adolescents in Shanghai and Tibet.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate environmental and social risk factors for myopia in children and adolescents in Germany.
methods1437 children aged between 3 and 18 inclusive were examined as part of the LIFE Child study based in Leipzig, Germany. Information about leisure time activities and social status was ascertained by parents and children in a questionnaire. Refractive status was attained by measuring noncycloplegic autorefraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ - 0.75 D. Risk factors were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis.
resultsIn multiple logistic regression analysis, myopia was significantly associated with less frequent outdoor activity ("once a week" vs. "twice a week or more": odds ratio (OR) 4.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89-9.98, p<0.01) and longer near work sessions (1-2 h vs. < 1 h: OR 1.83, CI 1.10-3.04, p=0.02; > 3 h vs. < 1 h: OR 3.71, CI 1.43-9.61, p<0.01) after adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Duration of outdoor activity, near work frequency and SES showed no significant association with myopia (p > 0.05). Children with a lower SES were involved in longer periods of outdoor and near work activities but on fewer occasions over the course of the week, although this connection was not significant.
conclusionMyopia is associated with environmental factors. The present findings suggest that daily exposure to sunlight and a restriction of long-duration near work activities might protect against pathological eye growth. Prevention strategies should be implemented for children at all ages.
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