ArticleNature medicine2022
Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
Article in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 352 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
352 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 616 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-acute metabolic changes and risk of new-onset diabetes following COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- New onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes post-COVID-19 infection: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- How the unvaccinated have been portrayed in the urban English-language Canadian popular press since the declared end of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine and its effectiveness against post COVID-19 condition in individuals with pre-existing immunity: a sequential propensity score-matched cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Four Years of Clinical Experience With COVID-19 Outcomes in Heart Transplant Recipients.Annals of transplantation · 2026Article
- Comparison of new and recurring post-acute infection syndrome - results from a German population-based cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Low serum selenium combined with SELENOP-autoantibodies are associated with persistent fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Redox biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Risk of incident tuberculosis after severe COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms in India: Prevalence, risk factors, and persistence.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Long COVID and Its Impact on Daily Functioning: Findings from the Si-Panda Behavioural Insights Survey in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of BAY 11-7082 in SARS-CoV-2 infection via inhibition of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Through the Global Pandemic in Central Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evolution with age of the relationship between sex and post-COVID symptoms: a population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
292 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
First infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with increased risk of acute and postacute death and sequelae in various organ systems. Whether reinfection adds to risks incurred after first infection is unclear. Here we used the US Department of Veterans Affairs' national healthcare database to build a cohort of individuals with one SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 443,588), reinfection (two or more infections, n = 40,947) and a noninfected control (n = 5,334,729). We used inverse probability-weighted survival models to estimate risks and 6-month burdens of death, hospitalization and incident sequelae. Compared to no reinfection, reinfection contributed additional risks of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.17, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.93-2.45), hospitalization (HR = 3.32, 95% CI 3.13-3.51) and sequelae including pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematological, diabetes, gastrointestinal, kidney, mental health, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. The risks were evident regardless of vaccination status. The risks were most pronounced in the acute phase but persisted in the postacute phase at 6 months. Compared to noninfected controls, cumulative risks and burdens of repeat infection increased according to the number of infections. Limitations included a cohort of mostly white males. The evidence shows that reinfection further increases risks of death, hospitalization and sequelae in multiple organ systems in the acute and postacute phase. Reducing overall burden of death and disease due to SARS-CoV-2 will require strategies for reinfection prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.