Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36357391›Full record

ArticleNature communications2022

Mapping global dynamics of benchmark creation and saturation in artificial intelligence.

Simon Ott, Adriano Barbosa-Silva, Kathrin Blagec, Jan Brauner, Matthias Samwald

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. DCEM-TCRCN: an innovative approach to depression detection using wearable IoT devices and deep learning.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025
    Article
  13. How good are large language models at product risk assessment?Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025
    Article
  14. State-of-the-Art: The Temporal Order of Benchmarking Culture.Digital society : ethics, socio-legal and governance of digital technology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Simon Ott *Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna. Währingerstraße 25a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Adriano Barbosa-Silva *Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna. Währingerstraße 25a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Kathrin BlagecInstitute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna. Währingerstraße 25a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Jan BraunerOxford Applied and Theoretical Machine Learning (OATML) Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1588-5724
Matthias SamwaldInstitute of Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna. Währingerstraße 25a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. matthias.samwald@meduniwien.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0002-4855-2571

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Benchmarks are crucial to measuring and steering progress in artificial intelligence (AI). However, recent studies raised concerns over the state of AI benchmarking, reporting issues such as benchmark overfitting, benchmark saturation and increasing centralization of benchmark dataset creation. To facilitate monitoring of the health of the AI benchmarking ecosystem, we introduce methodologies for creating condensed maps of the global dynamics of benchmark creation and saturation. We curate data for 3765 benchmarks covering the entire domains of computer vision and natural language processing, and show that a large fraction of benchmarks quickly trends towards near-saturation, that many benchmarks fail to find widespread utilization, and that benchmark performance gains for different AI tasks are prone to unforeseen bursts. We analyze attributes associated with benchmark popularity, and conclude that future benchmarks should emphasize versatility, breadth and real-world utility.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceEcosystemPhysical Phenomena

Identifiers

PMID36357391
PMCPMC9649641

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.