ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease2023
Regulation of retinoid mediated StAR transcription and steroidogenesis in hippocampal neuronal cells: Implications for StAR in protecting Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin a modulates neurogenesis-associated pathways and cholinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease: potential role of reactive astrocytes via NGN2/SOX-11 and SIRT-1.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinoid-mediated restoration of neurosteroidogenesis as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals suppression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in gender-specific differences in Alzheimer's disease.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2025Article
- Acetylation of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Sensitizes 17β-Estradiol Regulation in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Epigenetic Dysregulation and Its Correlation with the Steroidogenic Machinery Impacting Breast Pathogenesis: Data Mining and Molecular Insights into Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play pivotal roles in diverse processes, ranging from homeostasis to neurodegeneration, which are also influenced by steroid hormones. The rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. In the present study, we demonstrate that retinoids enhanced StAR expression and pregnenolone biosynthesis, and these parameters were markedly augmented by activation of the PKA pathway in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. Deletion and mutational analyses of the 5'-flanking regions of the StAR gene revealed the importance of a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR)-liver X receptor (LXR) heterodimeric motif at -200/-185 bp region in retinoid responsiveness. The RAR/RXR-LXR sequence motif can bind RARα and RXRα, and retinoid regulated transcription of the StAR gene was found to be influenced by the LXR pathway, representing signaling cross-talk in hippocampal neurosteroid biosynthesis. Steroidogenesis decreases during senescence due to declines in the central nervous system and the endocrine system, and results in hormone deficiencies, inferring the need for hormonal balance for healthy aging. Loss of neuronal cells, involving accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and/or phosphorylated Tau within the brain, is the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HT22 cells overexpressing either mutant APP (mAPP) or mutant Tau (mTau), conditions mimetic to AD, enhanced toxicities, and resulted in attenuation of both basal and retinoid-responsive StAR and pregnenolone levels. Co-expression of StAR with either mAPP or mTau diminished cytotoxicity, and concomitantly elevated neurosteroid biosynthesis, pointing to a protective role of StAR in AD. These findings provide insights into the molecular events by which retinoid signaling upregulates StAR and steroid levels in hippocampal neuronal cells, and StAR, by rescuing mAPP and/or mTau-induced toxicities, modulates neurosteroidogenesis and restores hormonal balance, which may have important implications in protecting AD and age-related complications and diseases.
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