Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36356662›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2023

Assessing associations between residential proximity to greenspace and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

Kari A Weber, Wei Yang, Suzan L Carmichael, R Thomas Collins, Thomas J Luben, Tania A Desrosiers, Tabassum Z Insaf, Mimi T Le, Shannon Pruitt Evans, Paul A Romitti and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Associations between neighborhood greenery and birth outcomes in a North Carolina cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Kari A WeberDepartment of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. Electronic address: kweber@uams.edu.
Wei YangDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: wyang3@stanford.edu.
Suzan L CarmichaelDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: suzanc@stanford.edu.
R Thomas CollinsDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: tomcollins@stanford.edu.
Thomas J LubenCenter for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA. Electronic address: luben.tom@epa.gov.
Tania A DesrosiersDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: tania.desrosiers@unc.edu.
Tabassum Z InsafBureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA. Electronic address: tabassum.insaf@health.ny.gov.
Mimi T LeBirth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA. Electronic address: Mimi.Le@dshs.texas.gov.
Shannon Pruitt EvansEagle Global Scientific LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA; Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: lji7@cdc.gov.
Paul A RomittiDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: paul-romitti@uiowa.edu.
Mahsa M YazdyCenter for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mahsa.yazdy@state.ma.us.
Wendy N NembhardDepartment of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. Electronic address: wnnembhard@uams.edu.
Gary M ShawDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: gmshaw@stanford.edu.
National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Stanford Medicine · USUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USEnvironmental Protection Agency · USMassachusetts Department of Public Health · USNew York State Department of Health · USTexas Department of State Health Services · USUniversity of Iowa · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Pulmonary Toxicology Facility CoreP30ES005605 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Jong Sung Kim · 1990 to 2026
$40.5M
UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel · 2001 to 2026
$36.3M
BD-STEPS II (Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposures) - Core (Component A) & Steps Stillbirth (Component B)U01DD001224 · DD · MASSACHUSETTS STATE DEPT OF PUB HEALTH · PI MITCHELL, ALLEN A, YAZDY, MAHSA M · 2018 to 2022
$6.5M
New York State Component A: BD-STEPS II CoreU01DD001227 · DD · CENTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH · PI HOWLEY, MEREDITH M · 2018 to 2022
$4.2M
EPA EP-D-18-001HSRD VA CDP 13-003Intramural CDC HHS CC999999NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001224NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001226NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001227NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001302NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005605NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES010126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundResidential proximity to greenspace is associated with various health outcomes.

objectivesWe estimated associations between maternal residential proximity to greenspace (based on an index of vegetation) and selected structural birth defects, including effect modification by neighborhood-level factors.

methodsData were from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2011) and included 19,065 infants with at least one eligible birth defect (cases) and 8925 without birth defects (controls) from eight Centers throughout the United States. Maternal participants reported their addresses throughout pregnancy. Each address was systematically geocoded and residences around conception were linked to greenspace, US Census, and US Department of Agriculture data. Greenspace was estimated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); average maximum NDVI was estimated within 100 m and 500 m concentric buffers surrounding geocoded addresses to estimate residential NDVI. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals comparing those in the highest and lowest quartiles of residential NDVI and stratifying by rural/urban residence and neighborhood median income.

resultsAfter multivariable adjustment, for the 500 m buffer, inverse associations were observed for tetralogy of Fallot, secundum atrial septal defects, anencephaly, anotia/microtia, cleft lip ± cleft palate, transverse limb deficiency, and omphalocele, (aORs: 0.54-0.86). Results were similar for 100 m buffer analyses and similar patterns were observed for other defects, though results were not significant. Significant heterogeneity was observed after stratification by rural/urban for hypoplastic left heart, coarctation of the aorta, and cleft palate, with inverse associations only among participants residing in rural areas. Stratification by median income showed heterogeneity for atrioventricular and secundum atrial septal defects, anencephaly, and anorectal atresia, with inverse associations only among participants residing in a high-income neighborhood (aORs: 0.45-0.81). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that perinatal residential proximity to more greenspace may contribute to a reduced risk of certain birth defects, especially among those living in rural or high-income neighborhoods.

Indexed as

AnencephalyCleft PalateHeart Septal Defects, AtrialFemaleHumansOdds RatioParks, RecreationalPregnancyUnited StatesBirth defectsGreenspaceNDVINeighborhoodPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID36356662
PMCPMC10353702
OpenAlexW4308433309

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.