ReviewToxins2022
Botulinum Toxin Intervention in Cerebral Palsy-Induced Spasticity Management: Projected and Contradictory Effects on Skeletal Muscles.
Review in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Outcome Assessments for Functional Performance in Spastic Paresis: Systematic Review, Critique, and Recommendations.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of occlusal splint and Botox injections on the amount of mouth opening and chronic pain in individuals with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Australian dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with core herbs exploration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for spasticity management and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Review
- Intrathecal Baclofen in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Critical Review of Selection Criteria, Rehabilitation Goals, Outcomes, and Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Post-stroke sarcopenia as a neuromuscular disorder: a mini review of neural mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Efficacy of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in managing spasticity of the triceps surae muscle in children with cerebral palsy: a retrospective analysis of influencing factors.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxin A-Induced Muscle Morphology Changes in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.Toxins · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Efficacy, Indications, and Safety of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: A Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- The Effectiveness of Combining Botulinum Toxin Type A and Therapeutic Exercise in Treating Spasticity in a Patient with Complicated Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Case Report.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Stretching exercises in managing spasticity: effectiveness, risks, and adjunct therapies.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis.Toxins · 2024Review
- Correspondence between Expected, Perceived, and Measured Effects of BoNT-A Treatment in Calf Muscles among Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Mixed Methods Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Knowledge mapping of spastic cerebral palsy. A bibliometric analysis of global research (2000-2022).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy: surveillance to surgery - a current concepts review.SICOT-J · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity, following the neurological disorder of cerebral palsy (CP), describes a pathological condition, the central feature of which is involuntary and prolonged muscle contraction. The persistent resistance of spastic muscles to stretching is often followed by structural and mechanical changes in musculature. This leads to functional limitations at the respective joint. Focal injection of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) is effectively used to manage spasticity and improve the quality of life of the patients. By blocking acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction and causing temporary muscle paralysis, BTX-A aims to reduce spasticity and hereby improve joint function. However, recent studies have indicated some contradictory effects such as increased muscle stiffness or a narrower range of active force production. The potential of these toxin- and atrophy-related alterations in worsening the condition of spastic muscles that are already subjected to changes should be further investigated and quantified. By focusing on the effects of BTX-A on muscle biomechanics and overall function in children with CP, this review deals with which of these goals have been achieved and to what extent, and what can await us in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.