ArticlePloS one2022
Transposed-word effects when reading serially.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The transposed-word effect persists across text orientations in Chinese.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- The impact of case changes on transposed-word effects.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- Word length does not modulate the transposed-word effect in Chinese reading: Testing the OB1-Reader.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Word Trigram Frequency Predicts Failure to Detect Word Transpositions: Implications for Rational Inference in Reading.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Reexamining Transposed-Word Effects in the Grammatical Decision Task.Experimental psychology · 2025Article
- The impact of relative word-length on effects of non-adjacent word transpositions.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Article
- Flexible word position coding in reading: Roles for attention and memory.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Do Love You Me? Failure to Notice Word Transpositions is Induced by Parallel Word Processing.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- The impact of atypical text presentation on transposed-word effects.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2023Article
- The transposed-word effect provides no unequivocal evidence for parallel processing.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2023Article
- The transposed word effect is consistent with serial word recognition and varies with reading speed.Cognition · 2023Article
- Transposed-word effects in speeded grammatical decisions to sequences of spoken words.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When asked to decide if an ungrammatical sequence of words is grammatically correct or not readers find it more difficult to do so (longer response times (RTs) and more errors) if the ungrammatical sequence is created by transposing two words from a correct sentence (e.g., the white was cat big) compared with a set of matched ungrammatical sequences for which transposing any two words could not produce a correct sentence (e.g., the white was cat slowly). Here, we provide a further exploration of transposed-word effects while imposing serial reading by using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) in Experiments 1 (respond at the end of the sequence) and 2 (respond as soon as possible-which could be during the sequence). Crucially, in Experiment 3 we compared performance under serial RSVP conditions with parallel presentation of the same stimuli for the same total duration and with the same group of participants. We found robust transposed-word effects in the RSVP conditions tested in all experiments, but only in error rates and not in RTs. This contrasts with the effects found in both errors and RTs in our prior work using parallel presentation, as well as the parallel presentation conditions tested in Experiment 3. We provide a tentative account of why, under conditions that impose a serial word-by-word reading strategy, transposed-word effects are only seen in error rates and not in RTs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.