ReviewMetabolites2022
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Lipoprotein(a): A Gordian Knot in Cardiovascular Prevention.
Review in Metabolites, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Elevated Lipoprotein(a) levels with vulnerable plaque features assessed by multimodality coronary imaging in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026Review
- Why, how and in whom should we measure levels of lipoprotein(a): A review of the latest evidence and clinical implications.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Atherosclerosis: from lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory therapies to targeting arterial retention of ApoB-containing lipoproteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The functions of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- Profiling of differentially expressed MicroRNAs in familial hypercholesterolemia via direct hybridization.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Article
- The effect of rosuvastatin alone or in combination with fenofibrate or omega-3 fatty acids on lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2024Article
- Lipoprotein(a), Interleukin-6 inhibitors, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Is there an association?Atherosclerosis plus · 2023Review
- Effects of Lipid-Modifying and Other Drugs on Lipoprotein(a) Levels-Potent Clinical Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Microbiota-Immunity Axis in the New Diagnostic and Prognostic Frontiers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most frequent genetic disorder resulting in increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from childhood, leading to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) if left untreated. FH diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and/or genetic testing and its prevalence is estimated as being up to 1:300,000−400,000 for the homozygous and ~1:200−300 for the heterozygous form. Apart from its late diagnosis, FH is also undertreated, despite the available lipid-lowering therapies. In addition, elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) (>50 mg/dL; 120 nmol/L), mostly genetically determined, has been identified as an important cardiovascular risk factor with prevalence rate of ~20% in the general population. Novel Lp(a)-lowering therapies have been recently developed and their cardiovascular efficacy is currently investigated. Although a considerable proportion of FH patients is also diagnosed with high Lp(a) levels, there is a debate whether these two entities are associated. Nevertheless, Lp(a), particularly among patients with FH, has been established as a significant cardiovascular risk factor. In this narrative review, we present up-to-date evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of both FH and elevated Lp(a) with a special focus on their association and joint effect on ASCVD risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.