ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Development of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Bilosomes In-Situ Gel for Ocular Delivery: Optimization, In-Vitro Characterization, Ex-Vivo Permeation, and Antimicrobial Study.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Lipid Microspheres for Topical Delivery of Norfloxacin: Development and Evaluation.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2026Article
- In Vitro Proof-of-Concept Study: Lidocaine and Epinephrine Co-Loaded in a Mucoadhesive Liquid Crystal Precursor System for Topical Oral Anesthesia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Layer-by-Layer Biopolymer-Coated Deformable Liposomes-In Situ Gel: A Hybrid Strategy for Enhanced Ocular Delivery of Itraconazole: In Vitro and In Vivo Appraisal.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Delafloxacin-Loaded Poly(d,l-lactide-ACS omega · 2024Article
- Development of Gentamicin Bilosomes LadenAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Article
- Emerging Trends in Bilosomes as Therapeutic Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Spanlastic-laden in situ gel as a promising approach for ocular delivery of Levofloxacin: In-vitro characterization, microbiological assessment, corneal permeability and in-vivo study.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for the Drug and Vaccine Delivery against Gastrointestinal Infections: Opportunities and Challenges.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Review
- Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Conventional eye drops are most commonly employed topically in the eye for the management of bacterial conjunctivitis. Eye drops have a low corneal residence time and 90−95% of the administered dose is eliminated from the eye by blinking and the nasolacrimal drainage system. This problem can be minimized by formulating a mucoadhesive ocular in-situ gel system that undergoes sol-gel transition upon stimulation by temperature, pH, and ions. The goal of this study was to develop ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded bilosomes (BLO) in-situ gel for the improvement of therapeutic efficacy. The BLO was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized by the Box−Behnken design. Cholesterol (CHO), surfactant (Span 60), and bile salt (sodium deoxycholate/SDC) were used as formulation factors. The vesicle size (nm) and entrapment efficiency (%) were selected as responses (dependent factors). The optimized CIP-BLO (CIP-BLO-opt) formulation displayed a vesicle size of 182.4 ± 9.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.274, a zeta potential of −34,461.51 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 90.14 ± 1.24%. Both x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry spectra did not exhibit extensive peaks of CIP in CIP-BLO-opt, revealing that CIP is encapsulated in the BLO matrix. The CIP-BLO-opt formulation was successfully incorporated into an in-situ gel system using a gelling agent, i.e., Carbopol 934P and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K100 M). CIP-BLO-opt in-situ gel formulation (CIP-BLO-opt-IG3) was evaluated for gelling capacity, clarity, pH, viscosity, in-vitro CIP release, bio-adhesive, ex-vivo permeation, toxicity, and antimicrobial study. The CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 exhibited satisfactory gelling properties with a viscosity of 145.85 ± 9.48 cP in the gelling state. CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 displayed sustained CIP release (83.87 ± 5.24%) with Korsmeyer−Peppas kinetic as a best-fitted model (R2 = 0.9667). CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 exhibited a 1.16-fold than CIP-IG and a 2.08-fold higher permeability than pure CIP. CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 displayed a significantly greater bio-adhesion property (924.52 ± 12.37 dyne/cm2) than tear film. Further, CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 does not display any toxicity as confirmed by corneal hydration (76.15%), histology, and the HET-CAM test (zero scores). CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 shows significantly higher (p < 0.05) antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus than pure CIP. From all these findings, it could be concluded that CIP-BLO-opt-IG3 might be an effective strategy for the increment of corneal residence time and therapeutic activity of CIP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.