ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Doxorubicin-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Tumor Cell Death in Retinoblastoma.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in ophthalmology: innovations in diagnosis, therapy, and drug delivery.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Pro-Tumorigenic Signaling Between Small Extracellular Vesicles of Cancer Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery: Advances, Loading Strategies, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Glaucoma: Opportunities and Challenges.Current eye research · 2025Review
- Incorporation of doxorubicin into plant-derived nanovesicles: process monitoring and activity assessment.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Scientometric analysis of extracellular vesicles in vision science (up to 2024).Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Emerging Strategies for Cargo Loading and Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Breast Cancer Treatment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sublethal Doxorubicin Promotes Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis in A375 Melanoma Cells: Implications for Vesicle-Loaded TGF-β-Mediated Cancer Progression and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy: Latest Advances, Core Challenges, and Future Outlook.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Natural and Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Cancer.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Harnessing extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between T cells and cancer cells for therapeutic applications.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- CD81-guided heterologous EVs present heterogeneous interactions with breast cancer cells.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Article
- Doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami nanostructures: stability in vitreous and their uptake and toxicity in ocular cells.Nanoscale · 2024Article
- Advances in Extracellular-Vesicles-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Ocular Diseases.ACS nano · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Engineering exosomes and their application in cardiovascular field: Bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Article
- Bioengineered Mesenchymal-Stromal-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as an Improved Drug Delivery System: Methods and Applications.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles alleviate salpingitis by promoting M1-to-M2 transformation.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chemotherapy is often used to treat retinoblastoma; however, this treatment method has severe systemic adverse effects and inadequate therapeutic effectiveness. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important biological information carriers that mediate local and systemic cell-to-cell communication under healthy and pathological settings. These endogenous vesicles have been identified as important drug delivery vehicles for a variety of therapeutic payloads, including doxorubicin (Dox), with significant benefits over traditional techniques. In this work, EVs were employed as natural drug delivery nanoparticles to load Dox for targeted delivery to retinoblastoma human cell lines (Y-79). Two sub-types of EVs were produced from distinct breast cancer cell lines (4T1 and SKBR3) that express a marker that selectively interacts with retinoblastoma cells and were loaded with Dox, utilizing the cells' endogenous loading machinery. In vitro, we observed that delivering Dox with both EVs increased cytotoxicity while dramatically lowering the dosage of the drug. Dox-loaded EVs, on the other hand, inhibited cancer cell growth by activating caspase-3/7. Direct interaction of EV membrane moieties with retinoblastoma cell surface receptors resulted in an effective drug delivery to cancer cells. Our findings emphasize the intriguing potential of EVs as optimum methods for delivering Dox to retinoblastoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.