ArticleBiosensors2022
Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene Quantum Dots Based Biosensor for CD44 Breast Cancer Biomarker.
Article in Biosensors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Biosensors: Recent Advances in Functionalization Strategies and Biomedical Applications.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Digging into the Solubility Factor in Cancer Diagnosis: A Case of Soluble CD44 Protein.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Electrochemical and Optical Carbon Dots and Glassy Carbon Biosensors: A Review on Their Development and Applications in Early Cancer Detection.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Quantum Dots Functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles as Cancer Theranostics: An Advanced Nanomedicine Strategy.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Colorimetric and Smartphone-Based Dual-Mode Rapid Detection of Congo Red Using Iron Oxide Quantum Dots.ACS omega · 2024Article
- A minireview on the utilization of petroleum coke as a precursor for carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs): perspectives and potential applications.RSC advances · 2024Review
- Quantum Dot Research in Breast Cancer: Challenges and Prospects.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Strategies and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives-Based Electrochemical Sensors in Cancer Diagnosis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Circulating Tumor Cells Adhesion: Application in Biosensors.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Internet-of-medical-things integrated point-of-care biosensing devices for infectious diseases: Toward better preparedness for futuristic pandemics.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Electrochemical Nano Biosensors for Precise Detection of Blood-Based Oncomarkers in Breast Cancer.Biosensors · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An innovative electrochemical biosensor based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is developed for a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive primary diagnosis of the breast cancer biomarker cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) antigen. Herein, electrochemical exfoliation of waste dry batteries provides facile, eco-friendly, and cost-effective synthesis of GQDs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that GQDs exhibit spherical shapes with an average diameter of 4.75 nm. Further, electrochemical analysis through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the electrochemical properties of GQDs are suitable for biosensing applications. Subsequently, GQDs have a large electroactive surface area that has been utilized for the immobilization of CD44 antibodies to fabricate the electrochemical biosensor. The electroanalytical performance of GQDs for CD44 biosensing capabilities is studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The developed electrochemical biosensor has high sensitivity with the lowest detection limit (LOD) of 2.11 fg/mL in the linear range of 0.1 pg/mL to 100.0 ng/mL in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Further, the linear response of the electrochemical biosensor for CD44 antigen concentration is in the range of 1.0 pg/mL to 100.0 ng/mL with a LOD of 2.71 fg/mL in spiked serum samples. The outcomes suggest that the synthesized GQDs demonstrate promising attributes to be utilized as a viable nanomaterial in biosensing applications.
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