ArticleSSM - population health2022
Mortality after release from incarceration in New Zealand by gender: A national record linkage study.
Article in SSM - population health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence of physical non-communicable disease in people who have experienced imprisonment compared with the general population in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Capacity-building strategies that support correctional and justice health professionals to provide best-evidenced based healthcare for people in prison: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Mortality and return to custody of individuals with a history of drug use one year post-release from the New South Wales custodial system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical features and mortality outcomes of people transferred from prison to forensic mental health units: a nationwide 14-year retrospective cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- The undercounting of Indigenous Māori imprisoned by the New Zealand carceral state: a national record study.Health & justice · 2025Article
- How competing needs after incarceration lead to adverse health outcomes among people who use criminalized drugs.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- Opioid toxicity deaths in Indigenous people who experienced incarceration in Ontario, Canada 2015-2020: a whole population retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Managed care updates of subscriber jail release to prompt community suicide prevention: clinical trial protocol.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Using time in prison as an ideal opportunity to treat Hepatitis C - PIONEER Framework Proposal.Revista espanola de sanidad penitenciariaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: People who enter and leave places of incarceration experience considerable health inequities and are at increased risk of premature death compared to the general population. Causes of premature death in this population vary markedly between countries and so country-specific information is needed. Additionally, there is a lack of large population-based studies which can disaggregate mortality risk based on person and incarceration factors. This study is the first examination of mortality in the period following release from incarceration in New Zealand. Methods: We linked deidentified administrative data on incarceration and release between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2016 with national mortality data for the same period to examine mortality after release in those who had been incarcerated for at least 1 day. Age standardised mortality rates and mortality ratios compared to the general New Zealand population were calculated separately for men and women, for releases from remand compared with prison, and by cause of death and time since release. Results: 90,195 individuals (13% women, 49% Māori) were followed up for 9.4 years after release from incarceration, with 4,764 deaths over the follow-up period. The overall standardised mortality ratio was 3.3 (95% CI 3.2, 3.4) compared to the general population, and higher for women (3.8) than men (2.7). The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease, cancer and suicide. Rates of death were similar following release from remand versus prison, however suicide rates were highest following release from remand. Regardless of the type of incarceration, mortality was highest in the first month after release. Conclusion: Experience of incarceration in New Zealand is associated with high rates of mortality from both chronic conditions and external causes. There are urgent policy imperatives to recognise and actively address the increased health and mortality risks faced by people released from New Zealand prisons.
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