SynthesisPrimary health care research & development2022
COVID-19 disease severity to predict persistent symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Primary health care research & development, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the genitourinary phenotype of long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Alzheimer's early detection in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and expert consensus on preclinical assessments.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Dysautonomia and Postural Orthostatic Syndrome of Hypocapnia in Long COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Quality and reliability of short videos about long COVID on bilibili and tiktok: cross-sectional study under health community construction background in China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Early clinical and laboratory markers associated with post-COVID respiratory syndrome: A retrospective analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and impact of long COVID on health-related quality of life in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a 2-year follow-up study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Association of Vitamin D and VDR Polymorphisms with Disease Severity in COVID-19 and Influenza.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Atypical onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder at age 50 following post-SARS-COV-2 syndrome: A case report.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Primary Care Physical Therapy and Exercise Therapy for People With Persistent Complaints After a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Secondary Analysis of the ParaCov Prospective Cohort Study.Physical therapy · 2025Article
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- Long COVID prevalence and risk factors in adults residing in middle- and high-income countries: secondary analysis of the multinational Anti-Coronavirus Therapies (ACT) trials.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among renal transplant recipients in Omicron pandemic-a prospective cohort study.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Long-term health outcomes of COVID-19 in ICU- and non-ICU-treated patients up to 2 years after hospitalization: a longitudinal cohort study (CO-FLOW).Journal of intensive care · 2024Article
- Managing long COVID symptoms and accessing health services in Brazil: A grounded theory analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Post-COVID syndrome and work ability 9-12 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection among over 9000 employees from the general population.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Associations between changes in habitual sleep duration and lower self-rated health among COVID-19 survivors: findings from a survey across 16 countries/regions.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Trajectory of Post-COVID Self-Reported Fatigue and Dyspnoea in Individuals Who Had Been Hospitalized by COVID-19: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Post-COVID Symptoms in Occupational Cohorts: Effects on Health and Work Ability.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear, whether the initial disease severity may help to predict which COVID-19 patients at risk of developing persistent symptoms.
aimThe aim of this study was to examine whether the initial disease severity affects the risk of persistent symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and long COVID.
methodsA systematic search was conducted using PUBMED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ProQuest databases to identify eligible articles published after January 2020 up to and including 30 August 2021. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects meta-analysis.
findingsAfter searching a total of 7733 articles, 20 relevant observational studies with a total of 7840 patients were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled OR for persistent dyspnea in COVID-19 survivors with a severe versus nonsevere initial disease was 2.17 [95%CI 1.62 to 2.90], and it was 1.33 [95%CI 0.75 to 2.33] for persistent cough, 1.30 [95%CI 1.06 to 1.58] for persistent fatigue, 1.02 [95%CI 0.73 to 1.40] for persistent anosmia, 1.22 [95%CI 0.69 to 2.16] for persistent chest pain, and 1.30 [95%CI 0.93 to 1.81] for persistent palpitation.
conclusionsContrary to expectations, we did not observe an association between the initial COVID-19 disease severity and common persistent symptoms except for dyspnea and fatigue. In addition, it was found that being in the acute or prolonged post-COVID phase did not affect the risk of symptoms. Primary care providers should be alert to potential most prevalent persistent symptoms in all COVID-19 survivors, which are not limited to patients with critical-severe initial disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.