ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2023
Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and female sex are associated with the presence of cyclops lesions and syndrome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The addition of a lateral extra-articular procedure to a primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is associated with an increased rate of further surgery for cyclops lesions and restricted range of motion.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Trends in female anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.EFORT open reviews · 2026Article
- Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction using hamstring autograft versus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft: a randomised controlled trial with 5-year follow-up.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Comparison of clinical, radiological, and second-look arthroscopic outcomes between hamstring autograft and tibialis allograft following remnant-tensioning anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Graft Selection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Review of Current Trends.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Recurrent cyclops lesion after primary resection of fibroreactive nodule following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Cyclops syndrome following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Can relapse occur after surgery?World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Autograft Contributes to a Delayed Symptomatic Cyclops Lesion: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Comparative analysis of discoid lateral meniscus size: a distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Recurrent cyclops lesion after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone tendon bone allograft: A case report.World journal of orthopedics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAssociated risk factors for the development of cyclops lesions have been little. Investigated, because most previous studies have limited their research to cases with symptomatic cyclops lesions (cyclops syndrome). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of cyclops lesions using magnetic resonance image (MRI) at 6 and 12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), and to investigate the associated risk factors of cyclops lesions and syndrome.
methodsA retrospective analysis of patients who underwent ACL-R using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTPB) or hamstring tendon autograft from 2008 to 2017 was conducted. Predictor variables (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], time from injury to ACL-R, preinjury Tegner activity score, graft, meniscal and cartilage injury, and notch width index on MRI for the presence of cyclops lesions and syndrome were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression.
resultsFour hundred and fifty-five patients (225 males and 230 females) were enrolled. One hundred and four patients (22.9%) had cyclops lesions, and all cyclops lesions were detected on MRI at 6 months post-operatively. In addition, 20 patients (4.4%) had cyclops syndrome which means that these were symptomatic cases. The risk factors for presence of cyclops lesions were BPTB autograft (OR = 2.85; 95% CI 1.75-4.63; P < 0.001) and female sex (OR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.27-3.25; P = 0.003). The presence of cyclops syndrome increased with graft (BPTB) (OR = 18.0; 95% CI 3.67-88.3; Powered by Editorial Manager
conclusionsAll cyclops lesions were detected 6 months after ACL-R, and the majority of them were asymptomatic. BPTB autograft and female sex were the significant risk factors for the presence of cyclops lesions and syndrome. In addition, increased BMI was associated with a higher risk of developing cyclops syndrome. When BPTB autograft is used for a female patient, full active knee extension should be encouraged in the early period after ACL-R to prevent cyclops lesion formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.
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