ArticleHeredity2022
Immune-mediated competition benefits protective microbes over pathogens in a novel host species.
Article in Heredity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enterococcus faecalis GP1764 induces an early differential gene expression in the intestine on key pathways related to cellular immune response and gut barrier function in chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Modulation of experimental colitis by Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis: insights from infectious and chemical models.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Genetic Control of Gut Microbial Diversity Enhances Host Resistance to Pathogenic Infections inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Host Transcriptomics Reveal Reduction in Defence-Reproduction Trade-Offs During Coinfection.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Microbiota shifts in fracture-related infections and pathogenic transitions identified by 16S rDNA sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterizing the evolution of defense in a tripartite marine symbiosis using adaptive dynamics.Evolution letters · 2025Article
- 'Re-Wilding' an Animal Model With Microbiota Shifts Immunity and Stress Gene Expression During Infection.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Distinct members of the Caenorhabditis elegans CeMbio reference microbiota exert cryptic virulence that is masked by host defense.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
- The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- The intricate triangular interaction between protective microbe, pathogen and host determines fitness of the metaorganism.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Lysozyme Inhibitors as Tools for Lysozyme Profiling: Identification and Antibacterial Function of Lysozymes in the Hemolymph of the Blue Mussel.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tolerance-conferring defensive symbionts and the evolution of parasite virulence.Evolution letters · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Microbes that protect against infection inhabit hosts across the tree of life. It is unclear whether and how the host immune system may affect the formation of new protective symbioses. We investigated the transcriptomic response of Caenorhabditis elegans following novel interactions with a protective microbe (Enterococcus faecalis) able to defend against infection by pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. We have previously shown that E. faecalis can directly limit pathogen growth within hosts. In this study, we show that colonisation by protective E. faecalis caused the differential expression of 1,557 genes in pathogen infected hosts, including the upregulation of immune genes such as lysozymes and C-type lectins. The most significantly upregulated host lysozyme gene, lys-7, impacted the competitive abilities of E. faecalis and S. aureus when knocked out. E. faecalis has an increased ability to resist lysozyme activity compared to S. aureus, suggesting that the protective microbe could gain a competitive advantage from this host response. Our finding that protective microbes can benefit from immune-mediated competition after introduction opens up new possibilities for biocontrol design and our understanding of symbiosis evolution. Crosstalk between the host immune response and microbe-mediated protection should favour the continued investment in host immunity and avoid the potentially risky evolution of host dependence.
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