ArticleBMJ open2022
Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with combined low and high frequencies on body composition, peripheral muscle function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis: a protocol for a randomised, double-blind clinical trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03779126 (Efficacy of Combined Low- and High- Frequency Stimulation in Peripheral Muscle Function During Hemodialysis), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Combined Low- and High- Frequency Stimulation in Peripheral Muscle Function During Hemodialysis
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Addition of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation, Based on the Level of Excitability, to an Intradialytic Twice-Weekly Cycling Protocol: A Randomized Trial.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Trial
- Prevalence of locomotive syndrome and associated factors in patients receiving hemodialysis.Medicine · 2025Observational
- The phase angle cut-off point capable of discriminating hemodialysis patients with reduced exercise tolerance: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as an adjunctive strategy to increase isolated muscular strength or endurance has been widely investigated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD). However, the efficacy of combined low and high frequencies, to improve both muscular strength and endurance, is unknown. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of this combined NMES strategy in this population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a randomised controlled trial with blinded assessments and analysis. A total of 56 patients with CKD undergoing HD will be recruited and randomised to an NMES protocol. The evaluations will be performed on three different days at baseline and after 24 sessions of follow-up. Assessments will include the background, insulin-like growth factor, lactate measurement, malnutrition and inflammation score evaluation, an electrical bioimpedance examination, global muscular evaluation by means of the Medical Research Council scale, handgrip strength evaluation, muscular isokinetic evaluation of lower limbs, 6 min step test performance and quality of life (QoL) questionnaire with emphasis on physical function. The patients will be allocated in one of the following four groups: 1) combined low and high frequencies; 2) low frequency; 3) high frequency; and 4) sham stimulation with minimal intensity to generate only sensory perception (with no visible contraction). In all groups, the intensity throughout the session will be the highest tolerated by patient (except for control group). The primary endpoint is the change of peripheral muscle function (muscular strength and endurance). The secondary endpoints will be the changes of body composition; muscle trophism; exercise tolerance; QoL; and nutritional, inflammatory, and metabolic markers. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable knowledge on how to optimise the NMES intervention, with improvements in both muscle strength and endurance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee on Research with Humans of Hospital Sírio-Libanês (approval no. 24337707). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03779126.
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