ArticleBMJ open2022
Effect of price on the decision to experiment with cigarette smoking among Gambian children: a survival analysis using the Gambia 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobacco smoking in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Pooled it
- What drives youth smoking initiation in Bosnia and Herzegovina? Evidence from a split-population duration model.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Cigarette Prices and Smoking Experimentation Among Zimbabwean Children: A Survival Analysis of the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The influence of social environment and facility support on smoking in adolescent males in Indonesia.Journal of public health research · 2024Article
- Factors associated with successful purchase of cigarettes among students aged 11-17 years who made a purchase attempt in The Gambia: Evidence from the 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the relationship between cigarette prices and smoking experimentation among children in the Gambia, and thereby expanding the evidence base of the likely impact of excise taxes on cigarette demand in low-income and middle-income countries.
designA survival analysis using the Gambia 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data.
settingThe Gambia.
participantsThe survey sample was 12 585 youths, aged 12-17 years, but our analysis was restricted to 11 030 respondents with information on smoking status. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Our outcome variable was smoking experimentation defined as the first time the respondent smoked (at least part of) a cigarette.
resultsA 1% increase in the price of cigarettes reduces the probability to experiment with smoking by 0.7%. We also found that children are more likely to experiment with smoking if they have at least one smoking parent, friends who smoke and see teachers who smoke. The probability to experiment with cigarette smoking increases with age and is higher among boys than girls.
conclusionThere is strong evidence that increasing excise taxes can play an effective role in discouraging children from experimenting with cigarette smoking. Considering the relatively low excise tax burden in the Gambia, the government should consider substantially increasing the excise tax burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.