ArticleScience advances2022
Childhood lead exposure is associated with lower cognitive functioning at older ages.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Impact of Childhood Cognitively Stimulating Activities on the Association between Prenatal and Early Postnatal Lead Exposure and Later Adulthood Cognitive Function.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Molecular Basis of Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis in Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Therapeutic Implications.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- State Policy Liberalism in Adolescence and Risk for Dementia from 2000 to 2016 among Older U.S. Adults.Journal of health and social behavior · 2026Article
- Release-Chelation Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Citric Acid Treatment on Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency inToxics · 2026Article
- Prenatal and Early Postnatal Lead Exposure and Later Adulthood Cognitive Function in the St. Louis Baby Tooth-Later Life Health Study.Neurology · 2026Article
- The Burdens of Idiopathic Developmental Intellectual Disability Attributable to Lead Exposure from 1990 to 2023 and a Projection to 2050 in the USA: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pollutants regulate changes in pathological markers of neurodegenerative diseases: a new perspective in environmental toxicology.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Perspective on health and ecological risk assessments of potentially toxic metal(loid)s using aquatic biodiversity as biomonitoring indicators.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- DunedinPACNI estimates the longitudinal Pace of Aging from a single brain image to track health and disease.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Developmental Pb exposure increases rate of forgetting on a delayed matching-to-sample task among Mexican children.Science advances · 2025Article
- Early-Life Lead Exposure and Male Longevity: Evidence from Historical Municipal Water Systems.Explorations in economic history · 2025Article
- Developmental lead exposure and aggression in male rats: Influences of maternal care and environmental enrichment.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- An estimate of the longitudinal pace of aging from a single brain scan predicts dementia conversion, morbidity, and mortality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Linking the 1940 U.S. Census to the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Novel Opportunity to Understand the Effects of Early-Life Residential Environment on Cognitive Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Exposure to School Racial Segregation and Late-Life Cognitive Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel: Progress and Prospects.Historical methods · 2025Article
- Does Religion Mitigate the Effect of Neighborhood Disorder on Cognitive Decline?: Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study of U.S. Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Association of Childhood Exposure to School Racial Segregation with Late-Life Cognitive Outcomes among Older Americans.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Childhood Adversity and Passive Suicidal Ideation in Later Life in the United States: Does Religious Attendance Matter?Journal of religion and health · 2023Article
- Elucidating disease-associated mechanisms triggered by pollutants via the epigenetic landscape using large-scale ChIP-Seq data.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Flint, Michigan water crisis renewed concern about lead toxicity in drinking water. While lead in drinking water has been shown to negatively affect cognition among children, much less is known about its long-term consequences for late-life cognition. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults linked to historical administrative data from 1940, we find that older adults who lived as children in cities with lead pipes and acidic or alkaline water-the conditions required for lead to leach into drinking water-had worse cognitive functioning but not steeper cognitive decline. About a quarter of the association between lead and late-life cognition was accounted for by educational attainment. Within the next 10 years, American children exposed to high levels of lead during the 1970s will enter older ages. Our evidence highlights the need for stronger actions to identify interventions to mitigate long-term damage among people at high risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.