ArticlePloS one2022
E-cigarette aerosol exposure of pulmonary surfactant impairs its surface tension reducing function.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Respiratory Responses to Incremental Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Among Healthy Adults, Cigarette Smokers, Electronic Cigarette Users, and Individuals with Asthma.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of E-Cigarettes Among Syrian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Emerging multisystem disease mechanisms of e-cigarette vaping on human health.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- The effect of temperature and breathing pattern on the surface activity of ground squirrel pulmonary surfactant.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic differences in use of nicotine, cannabis, and non-nicotine E-cigarette devices.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Exposure to Aldehyde Cherry e-Liquid Flavoring and Its Vaping Byproduct Disrupt Pulmonary Surfactant Biophysical Function.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionE-cigarette (EC) and vaping use continue to remain popular amongst teenage and young adult populations, despite several reports of vaping associated lung injury. One of the first compounds that EC aerosols comes into contact within the lungs during a deep inhalation is pulmonary surfactant. Impairment of surfactant's critical surface tension reducing activity can contribute to lung dysfunction. Currently, information on how EC aerosols impacts pulmonary surfactant remains limited. We hypothesized that exposure to EC aerosol impairs the surface tension reducing ability of surfactant.
methodsBovine Lipid Extract Surfactant (BLES) was used as a model surfactant in a direct exposure syringe system. BLES (2ml) was placed in a syringe (30ml) attached to an EC. The generated aerosol was drawn into the syringe and then expelled, repeated 30 times. Biophysical analysis after exposure was completed using a constrained drop surfactometer (CDS).
resultsMinimum surface tensions increased significantly after exposure to the EC aerosol across 20 compression/expansion cycles. Mixing of non-aerosolized e-liquid did not result in significant changes. Variation in device used, addition of nicotine, or temperature of the aerosol had no additional effect. Two e-liquid flavours, menthol and red wedding, had further detrimental effects, resulting in significantly higher surface tension than the vehicle exposed BLES. Menthol exposed BLES has the highest minimum surface tensions across all 20 compression/expansion cycles. Alteration of surfactant properties through interaction with the produced aerosol was observed with a basic e-liquid vehicle, however additional compounds produced by added flavourings appeared to be able to increase inhibition.
conclusionEC aerosols alter surfactant function through increases in minimum surface tension. This impairment may contribute to lung dysfunction and susceptibility to further injury.
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Registered trials
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