ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2023
Behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and medication use in Michigan nursing home residents with dementia during COVID-19.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotropic use for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 Factors Associated With Medication Changes Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Behavioral symptoms of dementia and psychotropic use during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Trends in psychotropic use among older adults with dementia in Korean long-term care hospitals across the COVID-19 pandemic: a national longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Effects of Visitation Restriction on Antipsychotic Drug Use among Nursing Home Residents with ADRD during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2025Article
- Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: Telemedicine Mental Health Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2025Observational
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Psychotropic Medication Use Following SARS-Cov-2 Infection Among Elderly Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities.Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ · 2025Article
- Updates and future perspectives on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Disparities in anxiety and related factors among Chinese older adults across different aged-care models: a comparison of two cross-sectional studies.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Associations between specialized dementia care, COVID-19 and central nervous system medication use in assisted living: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in nursing home residents: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Newly Admitted Long-term Care Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada.Health services insights · 2024Article
- Dignity as a Central Issue in Treating Patients with Dementia Associated with COVID-19 Infection.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Falling off a cliff: Psychiatric care of nursing home residents.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and medication use in Michigan nursing home residents with dementia during COVID-19.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Long-Term Care Resident Health and Quality of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Synthesis Analysis of Canadian Institute for Health Information Data Tables.Health services insights · 2023Article
- Characterizing PRN Use of Psychotropic Medications for Acute Agitation in Canadian Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia Before and During COVID-19.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in adults from urban-marginalized areas: a door-to-door population-based study in Puente Piedra, Lima, Peru.Frontiers in public health · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted nursing home (NH) care, including visitation restrictions, reduced staffing levels, and changes in routine care. These challenges may have led to increased behavioral symptoms, depression symptoms, and central nervous system (CNS)-active medication use among long-stay NH residents with dementia.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study including Michigan long-stay (≥100 days) NH residents aged ≥65 with dementia based on Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. Residents with schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, or Huntington's disease were excluded. Outcomes were the monthly prevalence of behavioral symptoms (i.e., Agitated Reactive Behavior Scale ≥ 1), depression symptoms (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9 ≥ 10, reflecting at least moderate depression), and CNS-active medication use (e.g., antipsychotics). Demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics were included. Using an interrupted time series design, we compared outcomes over two periods: Period 1: January 1, 2018-February 28, 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and Period 2: March 1, 2020-June 30, 2021 (during COVID-19).
resultsWe included 37,427 Michigan long-stay NH residents with dementia. The majority were female, 80 years or older, White, and resided in a for-profit NH facility. The percent of NH residents with moderate depression symptoms increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 (4.0% vs 2.9%, slope change [SC] = 0.03, p < 0.05). Antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic and opioid use increased during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 (SC = 0.41, p < 0.001, SC = 0.17, p < 0.001, SC = 0.07, p < 0.05, and SC = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). No significant changes in hypnotic use or behavioral symptoms were observed.
conclusionsMichigan long-stay NH residents with dementia had a higher prevalence of depression symptoms and CNS active-medication use during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. During periods of increased isolation, facility-level policies to regularly assess depression symptoms and appropriate CNS-active medication use are warranted.
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