Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36348668›Full record

ReviewPain reports

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in pain research: a data scientometric analysis.

Jörn Lötsch, Alfred Ultsch, Benjamin Mayer, Dario Kringel

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07038434 (Refining mUltiple Artificial intelliGence strateGies for Automatic Pain Assessment Investigations), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07038434 narecruitingnot on this map

Refining mUltiple Artificial intelliGence strateGies for Automatic Pain Assessment Investigations: RUGGI Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorValentina CerroneRan2025 to 2026Enrolled200ConditionsChronic Pain, Cancer Pain, Neuropathic Pain, Pain AssessmentArmsMultimodal AI-Based Pain Assessment
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Artificial intelligence in pediatric pain: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Moving towards the use of artificial intelligence in pain management.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. The complexity of pain in osteoarthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. The need for epistemic humility in AI-assisted pain assessment.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jörn LötschGoethe-University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-6958
Alfred UltschDataBionics Research Group, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, Marburg, Germany.
Benjamin MayerGoethe-University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Dario KringelGoethe-University, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The collection of increasing amounts of data in health care has become relevant for pain therapy and research. This poses problems for analyses with classical approaches, which is why artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are being included into pain research. The current literature on AI and ML in the context of pain research was automatically searched and manually curated. Common machine learning methods and pain settings covered were evaluated. Further focus was on the origin of the publication and technical details, such as the included sample sizes of the studies analyzed with ML. Machine learning was identified in 475 publications from 18 countries, with 79% of the studies published since 2019. Most addressed pain conditions included low back pain, musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. Most used ML algorithms included random forests and support vector machines; however, deep learning was used when medical images were involved in the diagnosis of painful conditions. Cohort sizes ranged from 11 to 2,164,872, with a mode at n = 100; however, deep learning required larger data sets often only available from medical images. Artificial intelligence and ML, in particular, are increasingly being applied to pain-related data. This report presents application examples and highlights advantages and limitations, such as the ability to process complex data, sometimes, but not always, at the cost of big data requirements or black-box decisions.

Indexed as

Data science, Machine learning, Biometrics, Knowledge discovery, Pain, Precision medicine

Identifiers

PMID36348668
PMCPMC9635040

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.