ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2022
Natural killer cells in clinical development as non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic transcriptional immune landscape in response to NK-cell therapy combined with gemcitabine plus S-1 in advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase 1b/2 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- PTPN22 as a novel therapeutic target: a key intracellular checkpoint for NK cell therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Emerging frontiers in adoptive cell therapies: engineering innovations, current challenges, and manufacturing perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Advancements of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle links to gene editing and immune responses.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Delivering the future of immunotherapy: A state-of-the-art review of gene editing in immune cells with lipid nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Improved expansion of peripheral blood and iPSC-derived natural killer cells for clinical applications.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cell Characterization in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cells · 2026Article
- Rapid CAR screening and circRNA-driven CAR-NK cells for persistent shed-resistant immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- TriCON: A Carbon-Based Triple-Modal Nanoplatform for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cultivation strategy optimisation for NK-92 cell line expansion in static conditions.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- NKG2A+ NK cell cytotoxicity of Epstein-Barr virus infected B cells is mediated through the NKG2D and NKp30 activating receptors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Optimal genetic feeder cell-expanded and engineered NK cell products are composed of CD56Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- A Novel MICB-Targeting CAR-NK Cells for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HOPX is required for the generation of umbilical cord blood-derived memory-like NK cells induced by three cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microneedle-Assisted Cell Delivery and Therapy.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Natural killer cell activated by attenuated newcastle disease virus (NDV) as anti-cancer therapy.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Automated manufacturing of clinical-grade BDCA2 CAR NK cells in a closed system for the treatment of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A novel cultivation strategy to recover NK cell cytotoxicity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- CXCR6Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are unique immune effectors able to kill cancer cells by direct recognition of surface ligands, without prior sensitization. Allogeneic NK transfer is a highly valuable treatment option for cancer and has recently emerged with hundreds of clinical trials paving the way to finally achieve market authorization. Advantages of NK cell therapies include the use of allogenic cell sources, off-the-shelf availability, and no risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell therapies have reached the clinical stage as ex vivo expanded and differentiated non-engineered cells, as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered or CD16-engineered products, or as combination therapies with antibodies, priming agents, and other drugs. This review summarizes the recent clinical status of allogeneic NK cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, discussing the main characteristics of the different cell sources used for NK product development, their use in cell manufacturing processes, the engineering methods and strategies adopted for genetically modified products, and the chosen approaches for combination therapies. A comparative analysis between NK-based non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies is presented, examining the choices made by product developers regarding the NK cell source and the targeted tumor indications, for both solid and hematological cancers. Clinical trial outcomes are discussed and, when available, assessed in comparison with preclinical data. Regulatory challenges for product approval are reviewed, highlighting the lack of specificity of requirements and standardization between products. Additionally, the competitive landscape and business field is presented. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effort driven by biotech and pharmaceutical companies and by academic centers to bring NK cell therapies to pivotal clinical trial stages and to market authorization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.