ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2022
Measuring Change During Intervention Using Norm-Referenced, Standardized Measures: A Comparison of Raw Scores, Standard Scores, Age Equivalents, and Growth Scale Values From the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Autistic Toddlers.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Trial
- The Language Gap: Disparities in Expressive Versus Receptive Language in Young Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Beyond Mean Length of Utterance: Novel Measures for Characterizing the Spoken Language of Autistic Children.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Safety of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound on Language Impairment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Characterizing Developmental and Behavioral Profiles in Developmental Synaptopathies to Inform Clinical Trial Endpoints.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Which Score for What? Operationalizing Standardized Cognitive Test Performance for the Assessment of Change.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- A tutorial on person ability scores for the IDD clinician.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- A Review of Clinical Trials in Down Syndrome.International review of research in developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Adaptive Skills of Individuals with Angelman Syndrome Assessed Using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Parent Certainty and Consistency When Completing Vocabulary Checklists in Young Autistic Children.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- Comparing ability and norm-referenced scores as clinical trial outcomes for neurodevelopmental disabilities: a simulation study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Article
- Vowel space change as a predictor of speech intelligibility gain in Down syndrome.Clinical linguistics & phoneticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNorm-referenced, standardized measures are tools designed to characterize a child's abilities relative to their same-age peers, but they also have been used to measure changes in skills during intervention. This study compared the psychometric properties of four types of available scores from one commonly used standardized measure, the Preschool Language Scales-Fifth Edition (PLS-5), to detect changes in children's language skills during and after a language intervention.
methodThis study included data from 110 autistic children aged 18-48 months whose mother participated in an 8-week parent-mediated language intervention. Children's language skills were measured at 3 time points using the PLS-5. Changes in children's expressive and receptive language skills were calculated using raw scores, standard scores, age equivalents, and growth scale values (GSVs).
resultsAnalysis of raw scores, age equivalents, and GSVs indicated significant improvement in the scores of autistic children in both receptive and expressive language throughout the study (i.e., during the intervention period and in the 3-month period after the intervention). Standard scores suggested improvement only in the receptive language scale during the intervention period. Standard scores showed a floor effect for children who scored at -3
conclusionsFindings suggested that GSVs were not only psychometrically sound but also the most sensitive measure of direct changes in skills compared to raw, standard, and age-equivalent scores. Floor effects may limit the sensitivity of standard scores to detect changes in children's skills. Strengths, limitations, and interpretations of each of the scoring approaches in measuring changes in skills during intervention were discussed. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21498522.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.