ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2023
"M1/M2" Muscularis Macrophages Are Associated with Reduction of Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Glial Cells in Achalasia.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Idiopathic achalasia: unraveling the etiology and pathogenesis of an inflammatory disease.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- A specialized population of intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal regulates motility within the mouse oesophagogastric junction.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Immunohistochemical characterization of interstitial cells and their spatial relationship to motor neurons within the mouse esophagus.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune Crossroads: The Interplay of the Enteric Nervous System and Intestinal Macrophages in Gut Homeostasis and Disease.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Immunohistochemical characterization of interstitial cells and their relationship to motor neurons within the mouse esophagus.Research square · 2024Article
- CaPhysiological reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting.Immunologic research · 2023Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsSeveral studies showed muscularis macrophages (MMφ) are associated with GI motility disorders. The purpose of this study was to preliminary explore the association between MMφ and achalasia.
methodsTissue samples of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) high-pressure zone were obtained from 27 achalasia patients and 10 controls. Immunohistochemistry for MMφ, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and glial cells were conducted. Histological characteristics were compared between groups, and correlation analysis was performed.
resultsFewer ICC was found in achalasia compared with controls (P = 0.018), and the level of M1 macrophages was higher than that in controls no matter in terms of the number or the proportion of M1(P = 0.026 for M1 and 0.037 for M1/MMφ). Statistical differences were found between two groups in terms of proportion of M2 and ratio of M1 to M2 (P = 0.048 for M2/ MMφ and < 0.001 for M1/M2). For the correlation analysis, significant correlations were detected between levels of nNOS, ICC, and glial cells in patients with achalasia (P = 0.026 for nNOS and ICC, 0.001 for nNOS and glial cells, 0.019 for ICC and glial cells). There were significant correlations between M2/MMφ and levels of ICC (P = 0.019), glial cells (P = 0.004), and nNOS (P = 0.135).
conclusionPatients with achalasia had a higher level of M1/M2 ratio in LES and significant correlations were found between M2/MMφ and numbers of ICC and glial cells, which suggested that MMφ were probably associated with occurrence and development of achalasia.
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