ArticleBMJ open2022
Socioeconomic status and modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction: epidemiological analysis using data from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social Determinants of Health in Cardio Oncology, from Evidence To Action: Translating Concepts into Clinical Practice Through Implementation Science.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- The application of neighborhood area deprivation index to improve health equity across the spectrum of heart failure: a review.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Dynapenia and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Machine-Learning-Based Approach.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Residential Nature Exposure and Walkability and Their Association with Cardiovascular Health.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- 2024 Guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease --- Part I.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Exploring socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and cardiometabolic disease outcomes in the United States: insights from a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Walkability Is Associated With Lower Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Cancer Patients.JACC. CardioOncology · 2024Article
- Low income and education are associated with greater ASCVD risk scores among adults in the US.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Social Determinants of Health at Individual and Area Levels.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Association between Social Isolation and Loneliness with Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a UK Biobank Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Sex Associations Between Air Pollution and Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determination.International journal of public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExamine whether the relationship between the pooled cohort equations (PCE) predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and absolute risk for ASCVD is modified by socioeconomic status (SES).
designPopulation-based longitudinal cohort study-Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)-investigating the development of cardiovascular disease across demographic subgroups.
settingFour communities in the USA-Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington County, Maryland.
participantsWe identified 9782 ARIC men and women aged 54-73 without ASCVD at study visit 4 (1996-1998). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk ratio (RR) differences in 10-year incident hospitalisations or death for ASCVD by SES and PCE predicted 10-year ASCVD risk categories to assess for risk modification. SES measures included educational attainment and census-tract neighbourhood deprivation using the Area Deprivation Index. PCE risk categories were 0%-5%, >5%-10%, >10%-15% and >15%. SES as a prognostic factor to estimate ASCVD absolute risk categories was further investigated as an interaction term with the PCE.
resultsASCVD RRs for participants without a high school education (referent college educated) increased at higher PCE estimated risk categories and was consistently >1. Results indicate education is both a risk modifier and delineates populations at higher ASCVD risk independent of PCE. Neighbourhood deprivation did modify association but was less consistent in direction of effect. However, for participants residing in the most deprived neighbourhoods (referent least deprived neighbourhoods) with a PCE estimated risk >10%-15%, risk was significantly elevated (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.59). Education and neighbourhood deprivation inclusion as an interaction term on the PCE risk score was statistically significant (likelihood ratio p≤0.0001).
conclusionsSES modifies the association between PCE estimated risk and absolute risk of ASCVD. SES added into ASCVD risk prediction models as an interaction term may improve our ability to predict absolute ASCVD risk among socially disadvantaged populations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.