Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36343788›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2023

Prevalence and risk factors of bacterial enteric pathogens in men who have sex with men: A cross-sectional study at the UK's largest sexual health service.

Holly D Mitchell, Gary Whitlock, Jey Zdravkov, Jenny Olsson, Panida Silalang, Megan Bardsley, Paula B Blomquist, Claire Jenkins, Nicholas R Thomson, Nigel Field and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. The emergence of sexually transmissibleMicrobial genomics · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Holly D MitchellCentre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, Off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, UK. Electronic address: holly.mitchell.16@ucl.ac.uk.
Gary Whitlock56 Dean Street, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, W1D 6AQ, UK.
Jey Zdravkov56 Dean Street, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, W1D 6AQ, UK.
Jenny Olsson56 Dean Street, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, W1D 6AQ, UK; Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Panida SilalangClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
Megan BardsleyThe National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, UK; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
Paula B BlomquistThe National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, UK; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
Claire JenkinsClinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections at University of Liverpool, UK.
Nicholas R ThomsonParasites and Microbes, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Nigel FieldCentre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, Off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
Gwenda HughesThe National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections at University College London, UK; Clinical and Public Health Group, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GBPublic Health England · GBMortimer Market Centre · GBNational Institute for Health Research · GBUK Health Security Agency · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBUniversity of London · GB

Funding

Department of HealthWellcome Trust 206194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesOutbreaks of bacterial enteric pathogens (BEPs) in men who have sex with men (MSM) associated with antimicrobial resistance are a public health concern. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of BEPs in MSM to inform infection control.

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at a London sexual health clinic between 20/12/2017 and 06/02/2018. Residual rectal swabs from MSM attending for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing were anonymously tested for a range of BEPs using real-time PCR. A sub-set of samples were tested for the mphA gene (a marker of azithromycin resistance). Results were linked to electronic health records.

resultsBEPs were detected in 207 of 2116 participants, giving an overall prevalence of 9.8% (95% CI 8.5%-11.1%) ranging from 0.8% (0.4%-1.2%) for Shigella to 4.9% (4.0%-5.9%) for Enteroaggregative E. coli. MSM with BEPs were more likely to have a history of bacterial STIs (p = 0.010), to report more sexual partners (p<0.001), and among HIV-negative MSM, to report current HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use (p<0.001). Gastrointestinal symptoms were rare (1.7%) and not associated with BEPs. 41.3% of MSM with BEPs and 14.1% of those without BEPs carried mphA (p<0.001). Among the former, this was associated with a history of bacterial STIs (51.5% vs 31.1%, p = 0.003).

conclusionsOne in ten MSM had a BEP detected and most did not report symptoms. MphA carriage was common, particularly among those with BEPs. Bacterial STI treatment might contribute to selection of resistant gut organisms, emphasising the need for better antimicrobial stewardship.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSexual and Gender MinoritiesSexually Transmitted DiseasesCross-Sectional StudiesEscherichia coliHealth ServicesHomosexuality, MaleHumansLondonMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsSexual BehaviorSexual PartnersAsymptomatic infectionsBacterial infectionsCross-sectional studiesDrug resistance, bacterialPrevalenceSexual behaviorSexually transmitted diseases

Identifiers

PMID36343788
PMCPMC10564623
OpenAlexW4308349068

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.