ArticleMedicine2022
Enhancement of fluoride release in glass ionomer cements modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Article in Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fluoride release and mechanical properties of S-PRG fillers in dental materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BDJ open · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bioactivity of Glass Carbomer Versus Conventional GICs in Sound Enamel and Dentine: A 12-Month SEM-EDS Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Environmental and Material Factors on Fluoride Release from Metal-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of Compressive and Flexural Strength Among Three Types of Glass Ionomer Cements: An In Vitro Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Fluoride release and flexural strength of four ion-releasing restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Correlation between fluoride release, surface hardness and diametral tensile strength of restorative glass ionomer cements.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2024Article
- Fluoride exchange by glass-ionomer dental cements and its clinical effects: a review.Biomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral efforts have been made to improve the glass ionomer cements (GICs) properties with nanotechnology. Fluoride release in once of most beneficial properties of GICs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release, recharge, and cytotoxicity in GICs reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2N).
objectiveEvaluate the fluoride release, recharge, and cytotoxicity in GICs reinforced with TiO2N.
methodsFour GICs, FUJI IX EXTRA (G1c), KETAC MOLAR (G2c), IONOFILL MOLAR (G3c), and FUJI IX (G4c) were combined with TiO2N (G1e, G2e, G3e, and G4e) and divided into blocks of 5-mm width and 1-mm thickness 10 each. A total of 80 samples were arranged as follows: GICs alone as negative control (n = 40) and GICs + TiO2N as experimental groups (n = 40). The fluoride release was determined for periods of 1, 2, 6, 10, 31, 90, 180, 240, and 300 days. On days 30 and 179, samples were recharged by submerging in 1 mL of 20,000 ppm sodium fluoride gel. Cytotoxic activity was carried out with gingival fibroblasts, using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay.
resultsThe experimental groups obtained the highest and more constant fluoride released when compared to control groups. After the first recharge, experimental groups (G1e, G3e, and G4e) showed statistically significant results (P = .001, 0.010, and 0.001 respectively) enhancing their recharge ability regarding control groups. The second recharge showed better results in G1e concerning the rest of the groups. No cytotoxic activity was observed in all experimental groups, although significant differences were observed in G3e and G4e regarding control group.
conclusionThe incorporation of TiO2N enhance the fluoride release in glass ionomers with a noncytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts.
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